Updated to .NET 10

This will provide the file also in the NuGet package and can be seen when looking into projects dependencies.

.editorconfig

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ dotnet_naming_style.prefix_underscore.required_prefix = _
 
 [*.cs]
 csharp_preferred_modifier_order = public, private, protected, internal, static, extern, new, virtual, abstract, sealed, override, readonly, unsafe, volatile, async:suggestion
+csharp_style_prefer_primary_constructors = false
 
 # Only use "var" when it's obvious what the variable type is
 csharp_style_var_for_built_in_types = false:warning
@@ -157,3 +158,6 @@ csharp_space_between_square_brackets = false
 [*.{xml,csproj,targets,props,json,yml}]
 indent_size = 2
 indent_style = space
+
+[*.{json,yml}]
+end_of_line = lf

.gitea/workflows/branch-build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+name: Branch Build
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - '**'
+
+env:
+  TZ: 'Europe/Berlin'
+  LANG: 'de'
+  CONFIGURATION: 'Debug'
+  CI_SERVER_HOST: ${{ gitea.server_url }}
+
+jobs:
+  build-test-deploy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup dotnet
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: 8.x
+          cache: false
+
+      - name: Restore dependencies
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          dotnet restore -v q
+          dotnet tool restore -v q
+
+      - name: Setup tools
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          dotnet tool install dotnet-reportgenerator-globaltool --tool-path /dotnet-tools
+
+      - name: Build solution
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          shopt -s globstar
+          mkdir /artifacts
+          dotnet build -c ${CONFIGURATION} --no-restore --nologo
+          mv ./**/*.nupkg  /artifacts/ || true
+          mv ./**/*.snupkg /artifacts/ || true
+
+      - name: Test solution
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          dotnet test -c ${CONFIGURATION} --no-build --nologo /p:CoverletOutputFormat=Cobertura
+          /dotnet-tools/reportgenerator "-reports:${{ gitea.workspace }}/**/coverage.cobertura.xml" "-targetdir:/reports" "-reportType:TextSummary"
+          cat /reports/Summary.txt
+
+      - name: Publish packages
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          dotnet nuget push -k "${{ secrets.BAGET_APIKEY }}" -s https://nuget.am-wd.de/v3/index.json --skip-duplicate /artifacts/*.nupkg

.gitea/workflows/release-build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+name: Release Build
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - 'v*'
+
+env:
+  TZ: 'Europe/Berlin'
+  LANG: 'de'
+  CONFIGURATION: 'Release'
+  CI_SERVER_HOST: ${{ gitea.server_url }}
+
+jobs:
+  build-test-deploy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup dotnet
+        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v5
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: 8.x
+          cache: false
+
+      - name: Restore dependencies
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          dotnet restore -v q
+          dotnet tool restore -v q
+
+      - name: Setup tools
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          dotnet tool install dotnet-reportgenerator-globaltool --tool-path /dotnet-tools
+          dotnet tool install docfx --tool-path /dotnet-tools
+
+      - name: Build solution
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          shopt -s globstar
+          mkdir /artifacts
+          dotnet build -c ${CONFIGURATION} --no-restore --nologo
+          mv ./**/*.nupkg  /artifacts/ || true
+          mv ./**/*.snupkg /artifacts/ || true
+
+      - name: Test solution
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          dotnet test -c ${CONFIGURATION} --no-build --nologo /p:CoverletOutputFormat=Cobertura
+          /dotnet-tools/reportgenerator "-reports:${{ gitea.workspace }}/**/coverage.cobertura.xml" "-targetdir:/reports" "-reportType:TextSummary"
+
+      - name: Publish packages
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          dotnet nuget push -k "${{ secrets.NUGET_APIKEY }}" -s https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json --skip-duplicate /artifacts/*.nupkg
+
+      - name: Publish documentation
+        env:
+          DOCFX_SOURCE_REPOSITORY_URL: 'https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus'
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          /dotnet-tools/docfx metadata docs/docfx.json
+          /dotnet-tools/docfx build docs/docfx.json
+          tar -C "${{ gitea.workspace }}/docs/_site" -czf "/artifacts/docs.tar.gz" .
+          curl -sSL --no-progress-meter --user "${{ secrets.DOCS_DEPLOY_USER }}:${{ secrets.DOCS_DEPLOY_PASS }}" -F docs=modbus -F dump=@/artifacts/docs.tar.gz "${{ vars.DOCS_DEPLOY_URL }}"
+
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: artifacts
+          path: |
+            /artifacts/*
+            /reports/Summary.txt

.gitignore

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 ## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and
 ## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.
 
+docs/api
+docs/_site
+
 # User-specific files
 *.suo
 *.user

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-image: mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0
-
-variables:
-  TZ: "Europe/Berlin"
-  LANG: "de"
-
-stages:
-  - build
-  - test
-  - deploy
-
-
-
-build-debug:
-  stage: build
-  tags:
-    - docker
-    - lnx
-    - 64bit
-  rules:
-    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG == null
-  script:
-    - dotnet restore --no-cache --force
-    - dotnet build -c Debug --nologo --no-restore --no-incremental
-    - mkdir ./artifacts
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/bin/Debug/*.nupkg    ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/bin/Debug/*.snupkg   ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy/bin/Debug/*.nupkg     ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy/bin/Debug/*.snupkg    ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/bin/Debug/*.nupkg    ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/bin/Debug/*.snupkg   ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/bin/Debug/*.nupkg       ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/bin/Debug/*.snupkg      ./artifacts/
-  artifacts:
-    paths:
-      - artifacts/*.nupkg
-      - artifacts/*.snupkg
-    expire_in: 1 days
-
-test-debug:
-  stage: test
-  dependencies:
-    - build-debug
-  tags:
-    - docker
-    - lnx
-    - 64bit
-  rules:
-    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG == null
-  coverage: '/Total[^|]*\|[^|]*\|\s*([0-9.%]+)/'
-  script:
-    - dotnet restore --no-cache --force
-    - dotnet test -c Debug --nologo --no-restore
-
-deploy-debug:
-  stage: deploy
-  dependencies:
-    - build-debug
-    - test-debug
-  tags:
-    - docker
-    - lnx
-    - 64bit
-  rules:
-    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG == null
-  script:
-    - dotnet nuget push -k $BAGET_APIKEY -s https://nuget.am-wd.de/v3/index.json --skip-duplicate artifacts/*.nupkg
-
-
-
-build-release:
-  stage: build
-  tags:
-    - docker
-    - lnx
-    - amd64
-  rules:
-    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG != null
-  script:
-    - dotnet restore --no-cache --force
-    - dotnet build -c Release --nologo --no-restore --no-incremental
-    - mkdir ./artifacts
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/bin/Release/*.nupkg    ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/bin/Release/*.snupkg   ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy/bin/Release/*.nupkg     ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy/bin/Release/*.snupkg    ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/bin/Release/*.nupkg    ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/bin/Release/*.snupkg   ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/bin/Release/*.nupkg       ./artifacts/
-    - mv ./AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/bin/Release/*.snupkg      ./artifacts/
-  artifacts:
-    paths:
-      - artifacts/*.nupkg
-      - artifacts/*.snupkg
-    expire_in: 1 days
-
-test-release:
-  stage: test
-  dependencies:
-    - build-release
-  tags:
-    - docker
-    - lnx
-    - amd64
-  rules:
-    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG != null
-  coverage: '/Total[^|]*\|[^|]*\|\s*([0-9.%]+)/'
-  script:
-    - dotnet restore --no-cache --force
-    - dotnet test -c Release --nologo --no-restore
-
-deploy-release:
-  stage: deploy
-  dependencies:
-    - build-release
-    - test-release
-  tags:
-    - docker
-    - lnx
-    - 64bit
-  rules:
-    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG != null
-  script:
-    - dotnet nuget push -k $NUGET_APIKEY -s https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json --skip-duplicate artifacts/*.nupkg

AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/InternalsVisibleTo.cs

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
-
-[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests")]
-[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("DynamicProxyGenAssembly2")]

AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy.csproj

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
-
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFrameworks>netstandard2.0;net6.0;net8.0</TargetFrameworks>
-    <LangVersion>12.0</LangVersion>
-
-    <PackageId>AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy</PackageId>
-    <AssemblyName>amwd-modbus-proxy</AssemblyName>
-    <RootNamespace>AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy</RootNamespace>
-
-    <Product>Modbus Proxy Clients</Product>
-    <Description>Plugging Modbus Servers and Clients together to create Modbus Proxies.</Description>
-    <PackageTags>Modbus Protocol Proxy</PackageTags>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Extensions/ArrayExtensions.cs" Link="Extensions/ArrayExtensions.cs" />
-    <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/Extensions/StreamExtensions.cs" Link="Extensions/StreamExtensions.cs" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <None Include="README.md" Pack="true" PackagePath="/" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard2.0'">
-    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Ports" Version="4.7.0" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'net6.0'">
-    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Ports" Version="6.0.0" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'net8.0'">
-    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Ports" Version="8.0.0" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.csproj" />
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.csproj" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-</Project>

AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy/README.md

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# Modbus Protocol for .NET | Proxy
-
-With this package the server and client implementations will be combined as proxy.
-
-You can use any `ModbusBasClient` implementation as target client and plug it into the implemented `ModbusTcpProxy` or `ModbusRtuProxy`, which implement the server side.
-
-
----
-
-Published under MIT License (see [**tl;dr**Legal](https://www.tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license))

AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/Extensions/StreamExtensions.cs

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-using System.Threading;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-
-namespace System.IO
-{
-	internal static class StreamExtensions
-	{
-		public static async Task<byte[]> ReadExpectedBytesAsync(this Stream stream, int expectedBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
-		{
-			byte[] buffer = new byte[expectedBytes];
-			int offset = 0;
-			do
-			{
-				int count = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, offset, expectedBytes - offset, cancellationToken);
-				if (count < 1)
-					throw new EndOfStreamException();
-
-				offset += count;
-			}
-			while (offset < expectedBytes && !cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested);
-
-			cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
-			return buffer;
-		}
-	}
-}

AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.csproj

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
-
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
-    <LangVersion>12.0</LangVersion>
-
-    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
-    <IsTestProject>true</IsTestProject>
-    <CollectCoverage>true</CollectCoverage>
-
-    <GeneratePackageOnBuild>false</GeneratePackageOnBuild>
-    <GenerateDocumentationFile>false</GenerateDocumentationFile>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <PackageReference Include="coverlet.collector" Version="6.0.2">
-      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
-      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
-    </PackageReference>
-    <PackageReference Include="coverlet.msbuild" Version="6.0.2">
-      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
-      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
-    </PackageReference>
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.9.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Moq" Version="4.20.70" />
-    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestAdapter" Version="3.2.2" />
-    <PackageReference Include="MSTest.TestFramework" Version="3.2.2" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.csproj" />
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.csproj" />
-    <ProjectReference Include="..\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.csproj" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
-</Project>

AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests/GlobalUsings.cs

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-global using System;
-global using System.Linq;
-global using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common;
-global using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts;
-global using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.sln

@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-
-Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
-# Visual Studio Version 17
-VisualStudioVersion = 17.8.34525.116
-MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
-Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common", "AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.csproj", "{2B7689D8-9E56-4DEB-B40E-F70DB4A6F250}"
-EndProject
-Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "Solution Items", "Solution Items", "{0C43172F-63F3-455A-A5FC-CAE7492A969B}"
-EndProject
-Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "docs", "docs", "{A5A9AEA2-3AFF-4536-9FF9-34663DA4D0AD}"
-	ProjectSection(SolutionItems) = preProject
-		CHANGELOG.md = CHANGELOG.md
-		LICENSE.txt = LICENSE.txt
-		package-icon.png = package-icon.png
-		README.md = README.md
-	EndProjectSection
-EndProject
-Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "config", "config", "{2ED08B2B-1F72-4E1E-9586-1DC6BEFD7BA7}"
-	ProjectSection(SolutionItems) = preProject
-		.editorconfig = .editorconfig
-		.gitignore = .gitignore
-		CodeMaid.config = CodeMaid.config
-		nuget.config = nuget.config
-	EndProjectSection
-EndProject
-Project("{2150E333-8FDC-42A3-9474-1A3956D46DE8}") = "build", "build", "{C8065AE3-BA87-49AC-8100-C85D6DF7E436}"
-	ProjectSection(SolutionItems) = preProject
-		.gitlab-ci.yml = .gitlab-ci.yml
-		Directory.Build.props = Directory.Build.props
-	EndProjectSection
-EndProject
-Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests", "AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.csproj", "{146070C4-E922-4F5A-AD6F-9A899186E26E}"
-EndProject
-Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp", "AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.csproj", "{8C888A84-CD09-4087-B5DA-67708ABBABA2}"
-EndProject
-Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial", "AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.csproj", "{D966826F-EE6C-4BC0-9185-C2A9A50FD586}"
-EndProject
-Project("{9A19103F-16F7-4668-BE54-9A1E7A4F7556}") = "AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy", "AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy.csproj", "{C30EBE45-E3B8-4997-95DF-8F94B31C8E1A}"
-EndProject
-Global
-	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
-		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
-		Release|Any CPU = Release|Any CPU
-	EndGlobalSection
-	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
-		{2B7689D8-9E56-4DEB-B40E-F70DB4A6F250}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
-		{2B7689D8-9E56-4DEB-B40E-F70DB4A6F250}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
-		{2B7689D8-9E56-4DEB-B40E-F70DB4A6F250}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
-		{2B7689D8-9E56-4DEB-B40E-F70DB4A6F250}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
-		{146070C4-E922-4F5A-AD6F-9A899186E26E}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
-		{146070C4-E922-4F5A-AD6F-9A899186E26E}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
-		{146070C4-E922-4F5A-AD6F-9A899186E26E}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
-		{146070C4-E922-4F5A-AD6F-9A899186E26E}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
-		{8C888A84-CD09-4087-B5DA-67708ABBABA2}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
-		{8C888A84-CD09-4087-B5DA-67708ABBABA2}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
-		{8C888A84-CD09-4087-B5DA-67708ABBABA2}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
-		{8C888A84-CD09-4087-B5DA-67708ABBABA2}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
-		{D966826F-EE6C-4BC0-9185-C2A9A50FD586}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
-		{D966826F-EE6C-4BC0-9185-C2A9A50FD586}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
-		{D966826F-EE6C-4BC0-9185-C2A9A50FD586}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
-		{D966826F-EE6C-4BC0-9185-C2A9A50FD586}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
-		{C30EBE45-E3B8-4997-95DF-8F94B31C8E1A}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
-		{C30EBE45-E3B8-4997-95DF-8F94B31C8E1A}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
-		{C30EBE45-E3B8-4997-95DF-8F94B31C8E1A}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
-		{C30EBE45-E3B8-4997-95DF-8F94B31C8E1A}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
-	EndGlobalSection
-	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
-		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
-	EndGlobalSection
-	GlobalSection(NestedProjects) = preSolution
-		{A5A9AEA2-3AFF-4536-9FF9-34663DA4D0AD} = {0C43172F-63F3-455A-A5FC-CAE7492A969B}
-		{2ED08B2B-1F72-4E1E-9586-1DC6BEFD7BA7} = {0C43172F-63F3-455A-A5FC-CAE7492A969B}
-		{C8065AE3-BA87-49AC-8100-C85D6DF7E436} = {0C43172F-63F3-455A-A5FC-CAE7492A969B}
-	EndGlobalSection
-	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
-		SolutionGuid = {E4FD8EF0-3594-4994-BE80-5FADA5EE17B4}
-	EndGlobalSection
-EndGlobal

AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.slnx

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<Solution>
+  <Folder Name="/Solution Items/" />
+  <Folder Name="/Solution Items/build/">
+    <File Path="Directory.Build.props" />
+  </Folder>
+  <Folder Name="/Solution Items/build/workflows/">
+    <File Path=".gitea/workflows/branch-build.yml" />
+    <File Path=".gitea/workflows/release-build.yml" />
+  </Folder>
+  <Folder Name="/Solution Items/config/">
+    <File Path=".editorconfig" />
+    <File Path=".gitignore" />
+    <File Path="CodeMaid.config" />
+    <File Path="nuget.config" />
+  </Folder>
+  <Folder Name="/Solution Items/docs/">
+    <File Path="CHANGELOG.md" />
+    <File Path="LICENSE.txt" />
+    <File Path="package-icon.png" />
+    <File Path="README.md" />
+  </Folder>
+  <Folder Name="/src/">
+    <Project Path="src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.csproj" />
+    <Project Path="src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.csproj" />
+    <Project Path="src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.csproj" />
+    <File Path="src/Directory.Build.props" />
+  </Folder>
+  <Folder Name="/test/">
+    <Project Path="test/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.csproj" />
+    <File Path="test/Directory.Build.props" />
+  </Folder>
+  <Folder Name="/tool/">
+    <Project Path="tool/CliClient/CliClient.csproj" />
+    <Project Path="tool/CliProxy/CliProxy.csproj" />
+    <File Path="tool/Directory.Build.props" />
+  </Folder>
+</Solution>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,33 +2,100 @@
 
 All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
-The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/)
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/)
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
-_no changes_
+### Added
+
+- New automatic documentation generation using docfx.
+- Additional articles for the documentation.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Reorganized folder structure to allow documentation generation.
+- Migrated main repository from GitLab to Gitea.
+- Migrated to VS 2026.
+- Updated UnitTests and Tools to .NET 10.
+
+
+## [v0.4.2] (2025-02-07)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fixing issue with R/W timeouts while processing client requests on the `ModbusTcpProxy`.
+
+
+## [v0.4.1] (2025-02-06)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Async methods do not return on captured context anymore (`Task.ConfigureAwait(false)`).
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Set `Socket.DualMode` on IPv4 network address is not allowed (`ModbusTcpProxy`).
+
+
+## [v0.4.0] (2025-01-29)
+
+### Added
+
+- Small CLI client for Modbus communication.
+- Small CLI proxy to forward messages.
+- `VirtualModbusClient` added to `AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common`.
+
+### Changed
+
+- The `ModbusTcpProxy.ReadWriteTimeout` has a default value of 100 seconds (same default as a `HttpClient` has).
+- The `ModbusRtuProxy` moved from `AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy` to `AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial`.
+- The `ModbusTcpProxy` moved from `AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy` to `AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp`.
+- Server implementations are proxies with a virtual Modbus client.
+
+### Removed
+
+- Discontinue the `AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy` package (introduced in [v0.3.0]).
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Wrong _following bytes_ calculation in `ModbusTcpProxy`.
+- Wrong processing of `WriteMultipleHoldingRegisters` for proxies.
+
+
+## [v0.3.2] (2024-09-04)
+
+### Added
+
+- Build configuration for strong named assemblies.
+
+
+## [v0.3.1] (2024-06-28)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Issues with range validation on several lines of code in server implementations.
 
 
 ## [v0.3.0] (2024-05-31)
 
 ### Added
 
-- New `AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy` package, that contains the server implementations as proxies
+- New `AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy` package, that contains the server implementations as proxies.
 
 ### Changed
 
-- Renamed `ModbusSerialServer` to `ModbusRtuServer` to clearify the protocol that is used
+- Renamed `ModbusSerialServer` to `ModbusRtuServer` to clearify the protocol that is used.
-- Made `Protocol` property of `ModbusClientBase` non-abstract
+- Made `Protocol` property of `ModbusClientBase` non-abstract.
 
 ### Fixed
 
-- Issue with missing client on TCP connection when using default constructor (seems that `AddressFamily.Unknown` caused the problem)
+- Issue with missing client on TCP connection when using default constructor (seems that `AddressFamily.Unknown` caused the problem).
 
 
 ## [v0.2.0] (2024-04-02)
 
-First "final" re-implementation
+First "final" re-implementation.
 
 
 ## v0.1.0 (2022-08-28)
@@ -38,6 +105,11 @@ So this tag is only here for documentation purposes of the NuGet Gallery.
 
 
 
-[Unreleased]: https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus/compare/v0.3.0...HEAD
+[Unreleased]: https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus/compare/v0.4.2...HEAD
+[v0.4.2]: https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus/compare/v0.4.1...v0.4.2
+[v0.4.1]: https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus/compare/v0.4.0...v0.4.1
+[v0.4.0]: https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus/compare/v0.3.2...v0.4.0
+[v0.3.2]: https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus/compare/v0.3.1...v0.3.2
+[v0.3.1]: https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus/compare/v0.3.0...v0.3.1
 [v0.3.0]: https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus/compare/v0.2.0...v0.3.0
 [v0.2.0]: https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus/tree/v0.2.0

Directory.Build.props

@@ -1,50 +1,20 @@
 <Project>
   <PropertyGroup>
+    <LangVersion>14.0</LangVersion>
     <NrtRevisionFormat>{semvertag:main}{!:-dev}</NrtRevisionFormat>
 
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-
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-
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-
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-
     <Title>Modbus Protocol for .NET</Title>
     <Company>AM.WD</Company>
     <Authors>Andreas Müller</Authors>
     <Copyright>© {copyright:2018-} AM.WD</Copyright>
-    <PackageLicenseExpression>MIT</PackageLicenseExpression>
+
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LICENSE.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-The MIT License
+MIT License
 
 Copyright (c) Andreas Müller
 
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
-all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
+Software.
 
 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

README.md

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 
 Here you can find a basic implementation of the Modbus protocol.
 
+![NuGet Version](https://shields.io/nuget/v/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common?style=flat&logo=nuget)
+
 ## Overview
 
-The project is divided into four parts.
+The project is divided into multiple parts.
 
 To be mentioned at the beginning:    
 Only the clients are build very modular to fit any requirement reached on the first implementation back in 2018 ([see here]).    
@@ -20,11 +22,6 @@ For example the default protocol versions: `TCP`, `RTU` and `ASCII`.
 With this package you'll have anything you need to create your own client implementations.
 
 
-### [Proxy]
-
-The package contains a TCP and a RTU server implementation as proxy which contains a client of your choice to connect to.
-
-
 ### [Serial]
 
 This package contains some wrappers and implementations for the serial protocol.
@@ -39,16 +36,13 @@ It uses a specific TCP connection implementation and plugs all things from the C
 
 ---
 
-Published under [MIT License] (see [**tl;dr**Legal])    
+Published under [MIT License] (see [choose a license])
-[![Buy me a Coffee](https://shields.am-wd.de/badge/PayPal-Buy_me_a_Coffee-yellow?style=flat&logo=paypal)](https://link.am-wd.de/donate)
-[![built with Codeium](https://codeium.com/badges/main)](https://link.am-wd.de/codeium)
 
 
 
 [see here]:         https://github.com/andreasAMmueller/Modbus
-[Common]: AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/README.md
+[Common]:           src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/README.md
-[Proxy]: AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy/README.md
+[Serial]:           src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/README.md
-[Serial]: AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/README.md
+[TCP]:              src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/README.md
-[TCP]: AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/README.md
 [MIT License]:      LICENSE.txt
-[**tl;dr**Legal]: https://www.tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
+[choose a license]: https://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/

docs/articles/getting-started.md

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# Getting Started
+
+To begin, you need at least the [Common] package.
+
+In this package you'll find everything you need to implement you own client as the package contains the protocol implementations (`TCP`, `RTU` and `ASCII`).
+
+The [`ModbusClientBase`](~/api/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts.ModbusClientBase.yml) is the place, where most of the magic happens.
+In this base client you have all known (and implemented) methods to request a device.
+
+The Protocol implementations are the other magic place to be, as there the request will be converted into bits and bytes, before they get transfered.
+
+
+## Using a TCP client
+
+To use a TCP Modbus client, you need the [Common] package and the [TCP] package installed.
+
+```cs
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp;
+
+namespace ConsoleApp;
+
+internal class Program
+{
+	string hostname = "modbus-device.internal";
+	int port = 502;
+
+	byte unitId = 5;
+	ushort startAddress = 19000;
+	ushort count = 2;
+
+	using var client = new ModbusTcpClient(hostname, port);
+	await client.ConnectAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+
+	var holdingRegisters = await client.ReadHoldingRegistersAsync(unitId, startAddress, count);
+	float voltage = holdingRegisters.GetSingle();
+
+	Console.WriteLine($"The voltage of the device #{unitId} between L1 and N is {voltage:N2}V.");
+}
+```
+
+This will automatically create a TCP client using the TCP protocol.
+If you want to change the protocol sent over TCP, you can specify it:
+
+```cs
+// [...] other code
+
+using var client = new ModbusTcpClient(hostname, port)
+{
+	Protocol = new RtuProtocol()
+};
+
+// [...] other code
+```
+
+
+## Using a Serial client
+
+To use a Serial Modbus client, you need the [Common] package and the [Serial] package installed.
+
+```cs
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial;
+
+namespace ConsoleApp;
+
+internal class Program
+{
+	string serialPort = "/dev/ttyUSB0";
+
+	byte unitId = 5;
+	ushort startAddress = 19000;
+	ushort count = 2;
+
+	using var client = new ModbusSerialClient(serialPort);
+	await client.ConnectAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+
+	var holdingRegisters = await client.ReadHoldingRegistersAsync(unitId, startAddress, count);
+	float voltage = holdingRegisters.GetSingle();
+
+	Console.WriteLine($"The voltage of the device #{unitId} between L1 and N is {voltage:N2}V.");
+}
+```
+
+This will automatically create a Serial client using the RTU protocol.
+If you want to change the protocol sent over serial line, you can specify it:
+
+```cs
+// [...] other code
+
+using var client = new ModbusSerialClient(serialPort)
+{
+	Protocol = new AsciiProtocol()
+};
+
+// [...] other code
+```
+
+
+[Common]: https://www.nuget.org/packages/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common
+[Serial]: https://www.nuget.org/packages/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
+[TCP]: https://www.nuget.org/packages/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp

docs/articles/introduction.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Introduction
+
+During my training, I came into contact with the Modbus protocol.
+The implementation I developed at that time was very cumbersome and rigid.
+There were huge inheritance hierarchies and the design was very confusing.
+
+In 2018, I wanted to do better and completely redesigned the library.
+After changing companies, this library could be integrated and tested under real-world conditions.
+This quickly led to new challenges and some specific requirements were implemented.
+This was the first time that both TCP and the RTU protocol were fully implemented.
+
+However, the structure of the library also revealed problems and was too rigid for the requirements.
+Therefore, in 2024, there was a new development from scratch, which now exists and has already been tested by some eager people – THANK YOU SO MUCH!
+
+The focus is, of course, on the development of the protocol and the clients. However, a server implementation (TCP/RTU) is also available.
+
+For detailed changes of the current development, see the [CHANGELOG].
+
+
+[CHANGELOG]: https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md

docs/articles/toc.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+- name: Introduction
+  href: introduction.md
+- name: Getting Started
+  href: getting-started.md
+- name: GitHub
+  href: https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus
+- name: NuGet
+  href: https://www.nuget.org/packages?q=AMWD.Protocols.Modbus

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docs/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+_layout: landing
+---
+
+# Modbus Protocol for .NET
+
+This library implements the basic Modbus protocol specified at [modbus.org](https://modbus.org/tech.php).
+
+The aim was to include all necessary steps to have a fully working client, which is capable of the common protocol versions.
+
+
+## NuGet packages
+
+Here is an overview of the latest packages.
+
+| Package Url | Version | Short description |
+|-------------|---------|-------------------|
+| [AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common] | ![NuGet Version: Common](https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common?style=flat-square&logo=nuget) | Common data for Modbus protocol. |
+| [AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial] | ![NuGet Version: Serial](https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial?style=flat-square&logo=nuget) | Implementation of the Modbus protocol communicating via serial line using RTU or ASCII encoding. |
+| [AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp] | ![NuGet Version: TCP](https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp?style=flat-square&logo=nuget) | Implementation of the Modbus protocol communicating via TCP. |
+
+
+
+[AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common]: https://www.nuget.org/packages/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common
+[AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial]: https://www.nuget.org/packages/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
+[AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp]: https://www.nuget.org/packages/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp

docs/templates/amwd/public/main.css

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#logo {
+	margin-right: 8px;
+}

docs/toc.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+- name: API
+  href: api/
+- name: Articles
+  href: articles/

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.csproj

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFrameworks>netstandard2.0;net6.0;net8.0</TargetFrameworks>
-    <LangVersion>12.0</LangVersion>
-
     <PackageId>AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common</PackageId>
     <AssemblyName>amwd-modbus-common</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common</RootNamespace>
@@ -13,8 +10,4 @@
     <PackageTags>Modbus Protocol</PackageTags>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <None Include="README.md" Pack="true" PackagePath="/" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
 </Project>

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Contracts/IModbusProxy.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+using System;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Represents a Modbus proxy.
+	/// </summary>
+	public interface IModbusProxy : IDisposable
+	{
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Starts the proxy.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="cancellationToken">A cancellation token used to propagate notification that this operation should be canceled.</param>
+		Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Stops the proxy.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="cancellationToken">A cancellation token used to propagate notification that this operation should be canceled.</param>
+		Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
+	}
+}

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Contracts/ModbusClientBase.cs

@@ -1,28 +1,36 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using System.Threading;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
 namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
 {
 	/// <summary>
 	/// Base implementation of a Modbus client.
 	/// </summary>
-	public abstract class ModbusClientBase : IDisposable
+	/// <remarks>
+	/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ModbusClientBase"/> class with a specific <see cref="IModbusConnection"/>.
+	/// </remarks>
+	/// <param name="connection">The <see cref="IModbusConnection"/> responsible for invoking the requests.</param>
+	/// <param name="disposeConnection">
+	/// <see langword="true"/> if the connection should be disposed of by Dispose(),
+	/// <see langword="false"/> otherwise if you inted to reuse the connection.
+	/// </param>
+	public abstract class ModbusClientBase(IModbusConnection connection, bool disposeConnection) : IDisposable
 	{
 		private bool _isDisposed;
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the connection should be disposed of by <see cref="Dispose()"/>.
 		/// </summary>
-		protected readonly bool disposeConnection;
+		protected readonly bool disposeConnection = disposeConnection;
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets the <see cref="IModbusConnection"/> responsible for invoking the requests.
 		/// </summary>
-		protected readonly IModbusConnection connection;
+		protected readonly IModbusConnection connection = connection ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(connection));
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ModbusClientBase"/> class with a specific <see cref="IModbusConnection"/>.
@@ -32,20 +40,6 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
 			: this(connection, true)
 		{ }
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ModbusClientBase"/> class with a specific <see cref="IModbusConnection"/>.
-		/// </summary>
-		/// <param name="connection">The <see cref="IModbusConnection"/> responsible for invoking the requests.</param>
-		/// <param name="disposeConnection">
-		/// <see langword="true"/> if the connection should be disposed of by Dispose(),
-		/// <see langword="false"/> otherwise if you inted to reuse the connection.
-		/// </param>
-		public ModbusClientBase(IModbusConnection connection, bool disposeConnection)
-		{
-			this.connection = connection ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(connection));
-			this.disposeConnection = disposeConnection;
-		}
-
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets the protocol type to use.
 		/// </summary>
@@ -67,7 +61,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
 			Assertions();
 
 			var request = Protocol.SerializeReadCoils(unitId, startAddress, count);
-			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken);
+			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 			Protocol.ValidateResponse(request, response);
 
 			// The protocol processes complete bytes from the response.
@@ -92,7 +86,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
 			Assertions();
 
 			var request = Protocol.SerializeReadDiscreteInputs(unitId, startAddress, count);
-			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken);
+			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 			Protocol.ValidateResponse(request, response);
 
 			// The protocol processes complete bytes from the response.
@@ -117,7 +111,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
 			Assertions();
 
 			var request = Protocol.SerializeReadHoldingRegisters(unitId, startAddress, count);
-			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken);
+			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 			Protocol.ValidateResponse(request, response);
 
 			var holdingRegisters = Protocol.DeserializeReadHoldingRegisters(response).ToList();
@@ -140,7 +134,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
 			Assertions();
 
 			var request = Protocol.SerializeReadInputRegisters(unitId, startAddress, count);
-			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken);
+			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 			Protocol.ValidateResponse(request, response);
 
 			var inputRegisters = Protocol.DeserializeReadInputRegisters(response).ToList();
@@ -184,7 +178,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
 			do
 			{
 				var request = Protocol.SerializeReadDeviceIdentification(unitId, category, requestObjectId);
-				var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken);
+				var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 				Protocol.ValidateResponse(request, response);
 
 				result = Protocol.DeserializeReadDeviceIdentification(response);
@@ -247,7 +241,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
 			Assertions();
 
 			var request = Protocol.SerializeWriteSingleCoil(unitId, coil);
-			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken);
+			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 			Protocol.ValidateResponse(request, response);
 
 			var result = Protocol.DeserializeWriteSingleCoil(response);
@@ -268,7 +262,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
 			Assertions();
 
 			var request = Protocol.SerializeWriteSingleHoldingRegister(unitId, register);
-			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken);
+			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 			Protocol.ValidateResponse(request, response);
 
 			var result = Protocol.DeserializeWriteSingleHoldingRegister(response);
@@ -289,7 +283,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
 			Assertions();
 
 			var request = Protocol.SerializeWriteMultipleCoils(unitId, coils);
-			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken);
+			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 			Protocol.ValidateResponse(request, response);
 
 			var (firstAddress, count) = Protocol.DeserializeWriteMultipleCoils(response);
@@ -309,7 +303,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts
 			Assertions();
 
 			var request = Protocol.SerializeWriteMultipleHoldingRegisters(unitId, registers);
-			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken);
+			var response = await connection.InvokeAsync(request, Protocol.CheckResponseComplete, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 			Protocol.ValidateResponse(request, response);
 
 			var (firstAddress, count) = Protocol.DeserializeWriteMultipleHoldingRegisters(response);

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Events/CoilWrittenEventArgs.cs

@@ -8,19 +8,26 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Events
 	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
 	public class CoilWrittenEventArgs : EventArgs
 	{
+		internal CoilWrittenEventArgs(byte unitId, ushort address, bool value)
+		{
+			UnitId = unitId;
+			Address = address;
+			Value = value;
+		}
+
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets the unit id.
 		/// </summary>
-		public byte UnitId { get; set; }
+		public byte UnitId { get; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets the coil address.
 		/// </summary>
-		public ushort Address { get; set; }
+		public ushort Address { get; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets the coil value.
 		/// </summary>
-		public bool Value { get; set; }
+		public bool Value { get; }
 	}
 }

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Events/RegisterWrittenEventArgs.cs

@@ -8,29 +8,39 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Events
 	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
 	public class RegisterWrittenEventArgs : EventArgs
 	{
+		internal RegisterWrittenEventArgs(byte unitId, ushort address, byte highByte, byte lowByte)
+		{
+			UnitId = unitId;
+			Address = address;
+			HighByte = highByte;
+			LowByte = lowByte;
+
+			Value = new[] { highByte, lowByte }.GetBigEndianUInt16();
+		}
+
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets the unit id.
 		/// </summary>
-		public byte UnitId { get; set; }
+		public byte UnitId { get; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets the address of the register.
 		/// </summary>
-		public ushort Address { get; set; }
+		public ushort Address { get; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets the value of the register.
 		/// </summary>
-		public ushort Value { get; set; }
+		public ushort Value { get; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets the high byte of the register.
 		/// </summary>
-		public byte HighByte { get; set; }
+		public byte HighByte { get; }
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets the low byte of the register.
 		/// </summary>
-		public byte LowByte { get; set; }
+		public byte LowByte { get; }
 	}
 }

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Exceptions/ModbusException.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+#if !NET8_0_OR_GREATER
 using System.Runtime.Serialization;
+#endif
 
 namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common
 {

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Extensions/ArrayExtensions.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 
 namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common
@@ -12,14 +13,14 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common
 				Array.Reverse(bytes);
 		}
 
-		public static ushort GetBigEndianUInt16(this byte[] bytes, int offset = 0)
+		public static ushort GetBigEndianUInt16(this IReadOnlyList<byte> bytes, int offset = 0)
 		{
 			byte[] b = bytes.Skip(offset).Take(2).ToArray();
 			b.SwapBigEndian();
 			return BitConverter.ToUInt16(b, 0);
 		}
 
-		public static byte[] ToBigEndianBytes(this ushort value)
+		public static IReadOnlyList<byte> ToBigEndianBytes(this ushort value)
 		{
 			byte[] b = BitConverter.GetBytes(value);
 			b.SwapBigEndian();

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Models/DeviceIdentification.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
 
 namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common
 {
@@ -91,5 +92,23 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common
 		/// Gets or sets a value indicating whether individual access (<see cref="ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Individual"/>) is allowed.
 		/// </summary>
 		public bool IsIndividualAccessAllowed { get; set; }
+
+		/// <inheritdoc/>
+		public override string ToString()
+		{
+			var sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+			sb.AppendLine(nameof(DeviceIdentification));
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(VendorName)}:                {VendorName}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(ProductCode)}:               {ProductCode}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(MajorMinorRevision)}:        {MajorMinorRevision}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(VendorUrl)}:                 {VendorUrl}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(ProductName)}:               {ProductName}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(ModelName)}:                 {ModelName}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(UserApplicationName)}:       {UserApplicationName}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(IsIndividualAccessAllowed)}: {IsIndividualAccessAllowed}");
+
+			return sb.ToString();
+		}
 	}
 }

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Models/HoldingRegister.cs

@@ -17,15 +17,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common
 		{
 			get
 			{
-				byte[] blob = [HighByte, LowByte];
+				return new[] { HighByte, LowByte }.GetBigEndianUInt16();
-				blob.SwapBigEndian();
-				return BitConverter.ToUInt16(blob, 0);
 			}
 			set
 			{
-				byte[] blob = BitConverter.GetBytes(value);
+				var blob = value.ToBigEndianBytes();
-				blob.SwapBigEndian();
-
 				HighByte = blob[0];
 				LowByte = blob[1];
 			}

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Models/InputRegister.cs

@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common
 		{
 			get
 			{
-				byte[] blob = [HighByte, LowByte];
+				return new[] { HighByte, LowByte }.GetBigEndianUInt16();
-				blob.SwapBigEndian();
-				return BitConverter.ToUInt16(blob, 0);
 			}
 		}
 

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Models/ModbusDevice.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Models
 	/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ModbusDevice"/> class.
 	/// </remarks>
 	/// <param name="id">The <see cref="ModbusDevice"/> ID.</param>
-	public class ModbusDevice(byte id) : IDisposable
+	internal class ModbusDevice(byte id) : IDisposable
 	{
 		private readonly ReaderWriterLockSlim _rwLockCoils = new();
 		private readonly ReaderWriterLockSlim _rwLockDiscreteInputs = new();

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Models/ModbusObject.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-using System;
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+using System;
+#endif
 
 namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common
 {

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Protocols/AsciiProtocol.cs

@@ -92,11 +92,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			string request = $":{unitId:X2}{(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadCoils:X2}";
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{addrBytes[0]:X2}{addrBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{countBytes[0]:X2}{countBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// LRC
@@ -151,11 +151,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			string request = $":{unitId:X2}{(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadDiscreteInputs:X2}";
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{addrBytes[0]:X2}{addrBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{countBytes[0]:X2}{countBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// LRC
@@ -209,11 +209,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			string request = $":{unitId:X2}{(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadHoldingRegisters:X2}";
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{addrBytes[0]:X2}{addrBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{countBytes[0]:X2}{countBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// LRC
@@ -264,11 +264,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			string request = $":{unitId:X2}{(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadInputRegisters:X2}";
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{addrBytes[0]:X2}{addrBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{countBytes[0]:X2}{countBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// LRC
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			string request = $":{unitId:X2}{(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteSingleCoil:X2}";
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = coil.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = coil.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{addrBytes[0]:X2}{addrBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// Value
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			string request = $":{unitId:X2}{(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteSingleRegister:X2}";
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = register.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = register.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{addrBytes[0]:X2}{addrBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// Value
@@ -497,11 +497,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			string request = $":{unitId:X2}{(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteMultipleCoils:X2}";
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{addrBytes[0]:X2}{addrBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{countBytes[0]:X2}{countBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// Byte count
@@ -567,11 +567,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			string request = $":{unitId:X2}{(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteMultipleRegisters:X2}";
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{addrBytes[0]:X2}{addrBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request += $"{countBytes[0]:X2}{countBytes[1]:X2}";
 
 			// Byte count
@@ -675,6 +675,10 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Calculate LRC for Modbus ASCII.
 		/// </summary>
+		/// <remarks>
+		/// The LRC calculation algorithm is defined in the Modbus serial line specification.
+		/// See <see href="https://modbus.org/docs/Modbus_over_serial_line_V1_02.pdf">Modbus over Serial Line v1.02</see>, Appendix B, page 38.
+		/// </remarks>
 		/// <param name="message">The message chars.</param>
 		/// <param name="start">The start index.</param>
 		/// <param name="length">The number of bytes to calculate.</param>

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Protocols/RtuOverTcpProtocol.cs

@@ -6,11 +6,15 @@ using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts;
 namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 {
 	/// <summary>
-	/// Implementation of the Modbus RTU over TCP protocol.
+	/// Implementation of the Modbus RTU over Modbus TCP protocol.
 	/// </summary>
 	/// <remarks>
 	/// The Modbus RTU over Modbus TCP is rarely used.
-	/// It is a non-standard variant of Modbus TCP that includes the Modbus RTU CRC at the end of the message.
+	/// It is a non-standard variant:
+	/// You can define it as RTU message with an additional TCP header
+	/// or as TCP message with an additional CRC16 checksum at the end (header not included!).
+	/// <br/>
+	/// Definition found on <see href="https://www.fernhillsoftware.com/help/drivers/modbus/modbus-protocol.html">Fernhill Software</see>.
 	/// </remarks>
 	public class RtuOverTcpProtocol : IModbusProtocol
 	{
@@ -115,12 +119,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadCoils;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -178,12 +182,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadDiscreteInputs;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -241,12 +245,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadHoldingRegisters;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -301,12 +305,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadInputRegisters;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -428,7 +432,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			// Function code
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteSingleCoil;
 
-			byte[] addrBytes = coil.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = coil.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
@@ -475,7 +479,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			// Function code
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteSingleRegister;
 
-			byte[] addrBytes = register.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = register.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
@@ -538,12 +542,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteMultipleCoils;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -618,12 +622,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteMultipleRegisters;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -743,7 +747,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 
 			// Transaction id
 			ushort txId = GetNextTransacitonId();
-			byte[] txBytes = txId.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var txBytes = txId.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			header[0] = txBytes[0];
 			header[1] = txBytes[1];
 
@@ -752,7 +756,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			header[3] = 0x00;
 
 			// Number of following bytes
-			byte[] countBytes = ((ushort)followingBytes).ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = ((ushort)followingBytes).ToBigEndianBytes();
 			header[4] = countBytes[0];
 			header[5] = countBytes[1];
 

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Protocols/RtuProtocol.cs

@@ -10,6 +10,22 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 	/// </summary>
 	public class RtuProtocol : IModbusProtocol
 	{
+		#region Fields
+
+		private static readonly byte[] _readFunctionCodes = [
+			(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadCoils,
+			(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadDiscreteInputs,
+			(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadHoldingRegisters,
+			(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadInputRegisters];
+
+		private static readonly byte[] _writeFunctionCodes = [
+			(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteSingleCoil,
+			(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteSingleRegister,
+			(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteMultipleCoils,
+			(byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteMultipleRegisters];
+
+		#endregion Fields
+
 		#region Constants
 
 		/// <summary>
@@ -96,12 +112,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[1] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadCoils;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[2] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[3] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[4] = countBytes[0];
 			request[5] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -156,12 +172,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[1] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadDiscreteInputs;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[2] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[3] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[4] = countBytes[0];
 			request[5] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -216,12 +232,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[1] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadHoldingRegisters;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[2] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[3] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[4] = countBytes[0];
 			request[5] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -273,12 +289,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[1] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadInputRegisters;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[2] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[3] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[4] = countBytes[0];
 			request[5] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -394,7 +410,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			// Function code
 			request[1] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteSingleCoil;
 
-			byte[] addrBytes = coil.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = coil.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[2] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[3] = addrBytes[1];
 
@@ -438,7 +454,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			// Function code
 			request[1] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteSingleRegister;
 
-			byte[] addrBytes = register.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = register.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[2] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[3] = addrBytes[1];
 
@@ -495,11 +511,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 
 			request[1] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteMultipleCoils;
 
-			byte[] addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[2] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[3] = addrBytes[1];
 
-			byte[] countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[4] = countBytes[0];
 			request[5] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -565,11 +581,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[0] = unitId;
 			request[1] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteMultipleRegisters;
 
-			byte[] addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[2] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[3] = addrBytes[1];
 
-			byte[] countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[4] = countBytes[0];
 			request[5] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -627,7 +643,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			// - 0x03 Read Holding Registers
 			// - 0x04 Read Input Registers
 			// do have a "following bytes" at position 3
-			if (new[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 }.Contains(responseBytes[1]))
+			if (_readFunctionCodes.Contains(responseBytes[1]))
 			{
 				// Unit ID, Function Code, ByteCount, 2x CRC and length of ByteCount
 				if (responseBytes.Count < 5 + responseBytes[2])
@@ -638,7 +654,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			// - 0x06 Write Single Register
 			// - 0x0F Write Multiple Coils
 			// - 0x10 Write Multiple Registers
-			if (new[] { 0x05, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x10 }.Contains(responseBytes[1]))
+			if (_writeFunctionCodes.Contains(responseBytes[1]))
 			{
 				// Write Single => Unit ID, Function code, 2x Address, 2x Value, 2x CRC
 				// Write Multi  => Unit ID, Function code, 2x Address, 2x QuantityWritten, 2x CRC
@@ -715,13 +731,13 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			if (isError)
 				throw new ModbusException("Remote Error") { ErrorCode = (ModbusErrorCode)response[2] };
 
-			if (new[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 }.Contains(fnCode))
+			if (_readFunctionCodes.Contains(fnCode))
 			{
 				if (response.Count != 5 + response[2])
 					throw new ModbusException("Number of following bytes does not match.");
 			}
 
-			if (new[] { 0x05, 0x06, 0x0F, 0x10 }.Contains(fnCode))
+			if (_writeFunctionCodes.Contains(fnCode))
 			{
 				if (response.Count != 8)
 					throw new ModbusException("Number of bytes does not match.");
@@ -733,6 +749,10 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Calculate CRC16 for Modbus RTU.
 		/// </summary>
+		/// <remarks>
+		/// The CRC 16 calculation algorithm is defined in the Modbus serial line specification.
+		/// See <see href="https://modbus.org/docs/Modbus_over_serial_line_V1_02.pdf">Modbus over Serial Line v1.02</see>, Appendix B, page 40.
+		/// </remarks>
 		/// <param name="bytes">The message bytes.</param>
 		/// <param name="start">The start index.</param>
 		/// <param name="length">The number of bytes to calculate.</param>

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Protocols/TcpProtocol.cs

@@ -101,12 +101,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadCoils;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -159,12 +159,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadDiscreteInputs;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -217,12 +217,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadHoldingRegisters;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -272,12 +272,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.ReadInputRegisters;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = count.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			// Function code
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteSingleCoil;
 
-			byte[] addrBytes = coil.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = coil.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			// Function code
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteSingleRegister;
 
-			byte[] addrBytes = register.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = register.Address.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
@@ -489,12 +489,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteMultipleCoils;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -564,12 +564,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			request[7] = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteMultipleRegisters;
 
 			// Starting address
-			byte[] addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var addrBytes = firstAddress.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[8] = addrBytes[0];
 			request[9] = addrBytes[1];
 
 			// Quantity
-			byte[] countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = ((ushort)orderedList.Count).ToBigEndianBytes();
 			request[10] = countBytes[0];
 			request[11] = countBytes[1];
 
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 
 			// Transaction id
 			ushort txId = GetNextTransacitonId();
-			byte[] txBytes = txId.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var txBytes = txId.ToBigEndianBytes();
 			header[0] = txBytes[0];
 			header[1] = txBytes[1];
 
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
 			header[3] = 0x00;
 
 			// Number of following bytes
-			byte[] countBytes = ((ushort)followingBytes).ToBigEndianBytes();
+			var countBytes = ((ushort)followingBytes).ToBigEndianBytes();
 			header[4] = countBytes[0];
 			header[5] = countBytes[1];
 

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Protocols/VirtualProtocol.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Events;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Models;
+
+namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols
+{
+	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
+	internal class VirtualProtocol : IModbusProtocol, IDisposable
+	{
+		#region Fields
+
+		private bool _isDisposed;
+
+		private readonly ReaderWriterLockSlim _deviceListLock = new();
+		private readonly Dictionary<byte, ModbusDevice> _devices = [];
+
+		#endregion Fields
+
+		public void Dispose()
+		{
+			if (_isDisposed)
+				return;
+
+			_isDisposed = true;
+
+			_deviceListLock.Dispose();
+
+			foreach (var device in _devices.Values)
+				device.Dispose();
+
+			_devices.Clear();
+		}
+
+		#region Events
+
+		public event EventHandler<CoilWrittenEventArgs> CoilWritten;
+
+		public event EventHandler<RegisterWrittenEventArgs> RegisterWritten;
+
+		#endregion Events
+
+		#region Properties
+
+		public string Name => nameof(VirtualProtocol);
+
+		#endregion Properties
+
+		#region Protocol
+
+		public bool CheckResponseComplete(IReadOnlyList<byte> responseBytes) => true;
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<Coil> DeserializeReadCoils(IReadOnlyList<byte> response)
+		{
+			if (!_devices.TryGetValue(response[0], out var device))
+				throw new TimeoutException("Device not found.");
+
+			ushort start = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(1);
+			ushort count = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(3);
+
+			return Enumerable.Range(0, count)
+				.Select(i => device.GetCoil((ushort)(start + i)))
+				.ToList();
+		}
+
+		public DeviceIdentificationRaw DeserializeReadDeviceIdentification(IReadOnlyList<byte> response)
+		{
+			if (!_devices.TryGetValue(response[0], out var _))
+				throw new TimeoutException("Device not found.");
+
+			var result = new DeviceIdentificationRaw
+			{
+				AllowsIndividualAccess = false,
+				MoreRequestsNeeded = false,
+				Objects = []
+			};
+
+			if (response[1] >= 1)
+			{
+				string version = GetType().Assembly
+					.GetCustomAttribute<AssemblyInformationalVersionAttribute>()
+					.InformationalVersion;
+
+				result.Objects.Add(0, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("AM.WD"));
+				result.Objects.Add(1, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("AMWD.Protocols.Modbus"));
+				result.Objects.Add(2, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(version));
+			}
+
+			if (response[1] >= 2)
+			{
+				result.Objects.Add(3, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus"));
+				result.Objects.Add(4, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Modbus Protocol for .NET"));
+				result.Objects.Add(5, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Virtual Device"));
+				result.Objects.Add(6, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Virtual Modbus Client"));
+			}
+
+			if (response[1] >= 3)
+			{
+				for (int i = 128; i < 256; i++)
+					result.Objects.Add((byte)i, []);
+			}
+
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<DiscreteInput> DeserializeReadDiscreteInputs(IReadOnlyList<byte> response)
+		{
+			if (!_devices.TryGetValue(response[0], out var device))
+				throw new TimeoutException("Device not found.");
+
+			ushort start = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(1);
+			ushort count = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(3);
+
+			return Enumerable.Range(0, count)
+				.Select(i => device.GetDiscreteInput((ushort)(start + i)))
+				.ToList();
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<HoldingRegister> DeserializeReadHoldingRegisters(IReadOnlyList<byte> response)
+		{
+			if (!_devices.TryGetValue(response[0], out var device))
+				throw new TimeoutException("Device not found.");
+
+			ushort start = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(1);
+			ushort count = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(3);
+
+			return Enumerable.Range(0, count)
+				.Select(i => device.GetHoldingRegister((ushort)(start + i)))
+				.ToList();
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<InputRegister> DeserializeReadInputRegisters(IReadOnlyList<byte> response)
+		{
+			if (!_devices.TryGetValue(response[0], out var device))
+				throw new TimeoutException("Device not found.");
+
+			ushort start = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(1);
+			ushort count = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(3);
+
+			return Enumerable.Range(0, count)
+				.Select(i => device.GetInputRegister((ushort)(start + i)))
+				.ToList();
+		}
+
+		public (ushort FirstAddress, ushort NumberOfCoils) DeserializeWriteMultipleCoils(IReadOnlyList<byte> response)
+		{
+			if (!_devices.TryGetValue(response[0], out var device))
+				throw new TimeoutException("Device not found.");
+
+			ushort start = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(1);
+			ushort count = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(3);
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+			{
+				var coil = new Coil
+				{
+					Address = (ushort)(start + i),
+					HighByte = response[5 + i]
+				};
+				device.SetCoil(coil);
+
+				Task.Run(() =>
+				{
+					try
+					{
+						CoilWritten?.Invoke(this, new CoilWrittenEventArgs(
+							unitId: response[0],
+							address: coil.Address,
+							value: coil.Value));
+					}
+					catch
+					{
+						// ignore
+					}
+				});
+			}
+
+			return (start, count);
+		}
+
+		public (ushort FirstAddress, ushort NumberOfRegisters) DeserializeWriteMultipleHoldingRegisters(IReadOnlyList<byte> response)
+		{
+			if (!_devices.TryGetValue(response[0], out var device))
+				throw new TimeoutException("Device not found.");
+
+			ushort start = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(1);
+			ushort count = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(3);
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+			{
+				var register = new HoldingRegister
+				{
+					Address = (ushort)(start + i),
+					HighByte = response[5 + i * 2],
+					LowByte = response[5 + i * 2 + 1]
+				};
+				device.SetHoldingRegister(register);
+
+				Task.Run(() =>
+				{
+					try
+					{
+						RegisterWritten?.Invoke(this, new RegisterWrittenEventArgs(
+							unitId: response[0],
+							address: register.Address,
+							highByte: register.HighByte,
+							lowByte: register.LowByte));
+					}
+					catch
+					{
+						// ignore
+					}
+				});
+			}
+
+			return (start, count);
+		}
+
+		public Coil DeserializeWriteSingleCoil(IReadOnlyList<byte> response)
+		{
+			if (!_devices.TryGetValue(response[0], out var device))
+				throw new TimeoutException("Device not found.");
+
+			var coil = new Coil
+			{
+				Address = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(1),
+				HighByte = response[3]
+			};
+			device.SetCoil(coil);
+
+			Task.Run(() =>
+			{
+				try
+				{
+					CoilWritten?.Invoke(this, new CoilWrittenEventArgs(
+						unitId: response[0],
+						address: coil.Address,
+						value: coil.Value));
+				}
+				catch
+				{
+					// ignore
+				}
+			});
+
+			return coil;
+		}
+
+		public HoldingRegister DeserializeWriteSingleHoldingRegister(IReadOnlyList<byte> response)
+		{
+			if (!_devices.TryGetValue(response[0], out var device))
+				throw new TimeoutException("Device not found.");
+
+			var register = new HoldingRegister
+			{
+				Address = response.GetBigEndianUInt16(1),
+				HighByte = response[3],
+				LowByte = response[4]
+			};
+			device.SetHoldingRegister(register);
+
+			Task.Run(() =>
+			{
+				try
+				{
+					RegisterWritten?.Invoke(this, new RegisterWrittenEventArgs(
+						unitId: response[0],
+						address: register.Address,
+						highByte: register.HighByte,
+						lowByte: register.LowByte));
+				}
+				catch
+				{
+					// ignore
+				}
+			});
+
+			return register;
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<byte> SerializeReadCoils(byte unitId, ushort startAddress, ushort count)
+		{
+			return [unitId, .. startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes(), .. count.ToBigEndianBytes()];
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<byte> SerializeReadDeviceIdentification(byte unitId, ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory category, ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject objectId)
+		{
+			if (!Enum.IsDefined(typeof(ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory), category))
+				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(category));
+
+			return [unitId, (byte)category];
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<byte> SerializeReadDiscreteInputs(byte unitId, ushort startAddress, ushort count)
+		{
+			return [unitId, .. startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes(), .. count.ToBigEndianBytes()];
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<byte> SerializeReadHoldingRegisters(byte unitId, ushort startAddress, ushort count)
+		{
+			return [unitId, .. startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes(), .. count.ToBigEndianBytes()];
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<byte> SerializeReadInputRegisters(byte unitId, ushort startAddress, ushort count)
+		{
+			return [unitId, .. startAddress.ToBigEndianBytes(), .. count.ToBigEndianBytes()];
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<byte> SerializeWriteMultipleCoils(byte unitId, IReadOnlyList<Coil> coils)
+		{
+			ushort start = coils.OrderBy(c => c.Address).First().Address;
+			ushort count = (ushort)coils.Count;
+			byte[] values = coils.Select(c => c.HighByte).ToArray();
+
+			return [unitId, .. start.ToBigEndianBytes(), .. count.ToBigEndianBytes(), .. values];
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<byte> SerializeWriteMultipleHoldingRegisters(byte unitId, IReadOnlyList<HoldingRegister> registers)
+		{
+			ushort start = registers.OrderBy(c => c.Address).First().Address;
+			ushort count = (ushort)registers.Count;
+			byte[] values = registers.SelectMany(r => new[] { r.HighByte, r.LowByte }).ToArray();
+
+			return [unitId, .. start.ToBigEndianBytes(), .. count.ToBigEndianBytes(), .. values];
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<byte> SerializeWriteSingleCoil(byte unitId, Coil coil)
+		{
+			return [unitId, .. coil.Address.ToBigEndianBytes(), coil.HighByte];
+		}
+
+		public IReadOnlyList<byte> SerializeWriteSingleHoldingRegister(byte unitId, HoldingRegister register)
+		{
+			return [unitId, .. register.Address.ToBigEndianBytes(), register.HighByte, register.LowByte];
+		}
+
+		public void ValidateResponse(IReadOnlyList<byte> request, IReadOnlyList<byte> response)
+		{
+			if (!request.SequenceEqual(response))
+				throw new InvalidOperationException("Request and response have to be the same on virtual protocol.");
+		}
+
+		#endregion Protocol
+
+		#region Device Handling
+
+		public bool AddDevice(byte unitId)
+		{
+			Assertions();
+			using (_deviceListLock.GetWriteLock())
+			{
+				if (_devices.ContainsKey(unitId))
+					return false;
+
+				_devices.Add(unitId, new ModbusDevice(unitId));
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		public bool RemoveDevice(byte unitId)
+		{
+			Assertions();
+			using (_deviceListLock.GetWriteLock())
+			{
+				if (_devices.ContainsKey(unitId))
+					return false;
+
+				return _devices.Remove(unitId);
+			}
+		}
+
+		#endregion Device Handling
+
+		#region Entity Handling
+
+		public Coil GetCoil(byte unitId, ushort address)
+		{
+			Assertions();
+			using (_deviceListLock.GetReadLock())
+			{
+				return _devices.TryGetValue(unitId, out var device)
+					? device.GetCoil(address)
+					: null;
+			}
+		}
+
+		public void SetCoil(byte unitId, Coil coil)
+		{
+			Assertions();
+			using (_deviceListLock.GetWriteLock())
+			{
+				if (_devices.TryGetValue(unitId, out var device))
+					device.SetCoil(coil);
+			}
+		}
+
+		public DiscreteInput GetDiscreteInput(byte unitId, ushort address)
+		{
+			Assertions();
+			using (_deviceListLock.GetReadLock())
+			{
+				return _devices.TryGetValue(unitId, out var device)
+					? device.GetDiscreteInput(address)
+					: null;
+			}
+		}
+
+		public void SetDiscreteInput(byte unitId, DiscreteInput discreteInput)
+		{
+			Assertions();
+			using (_deviceListLock.GetWriteLock())
+			{
+				if (_devices.TryGetValue(unitId, out var device))
+					device.SetDiscreteInput(discreteInput);
+			}
+		}
+
+		public HoldingRegister GetHoldingRegister(byte unitId, ushort address)
+		{
+			Assertions();
+			using (_deviceListLock.GetReadLock())
+			{
+				return _devices.TryGetValue(unitId, out var device)
+					? device.GetHoldingRegister(address)
+					: null;
+			}
+		}
+
+		public void SetHoldingRegister(byte unitId, HoldingRegister holdingRegister)
+		{
+			Assertions();
+			using (_deviceListLock.GetWriteLock())
+			{
+				if (_devices.TryGetValue(unitId, out var device))
+					device.SetHoldingRegister(holdingRegister);
+			}
+		}
+
+		public InputRegister GetInputRegister(byte unitId, ushort address)
+		{
+			Assertions();
+			using (_deviceListLock.GetReadLock())
+			{
+				return _devices.TryGetValue(unitId, out var device)
+					? device.GetInputRegister(address)
+					: null;
+			}
+		}
+
+		public void SetInputRegister(byte unitId, InputRegister inputRegister)
+		{
+			Assertions();
+			using (_deviceListLock.GetWriteLock())
+			{
+				if (_devices.TryGetValue(unitId, out var device))
+					device.SetInputRegister(inputRegister);
+			}
+		}
+
+		#endregion Entity Handling
+
+		private void Assertions()
+		{
+#if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
+			ObjectDisposedException.ThrowIf(_isDisposed, this);
+#else
+			if (_isDisposed)
+				throw new ObjectDisposedException(GetType().Name);
+#endif
+		}
+	}
+}

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/README.md

@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ The different types handled by the Modbus Protocol.
 In addition, you'll find the `DeviceIdentification` there.    
 It is used for a "special" function called _Read Device Identification_ (0x2B / 43), not supported on all devices.
 
-The `ModbusDevice` is used for the server implementations in the derived packages.
+The `ModbusDevice` is used for the `VirtualModbusClient`.    
+In combination with the *Proxy implementations (in the derived packages) it can be used as server.
 
 
 ### Protocols
@@ -59,8 +60,8 @@ Here you have the specific default implementations for the Modbus Protocol.
 
 - ASCII
 - RTU
-- RTU over TCP
 - TCP
+- [RTU over TCP]
 
 **NOTE:**    
 The implementations over serial line (RTU and ASCII) have a minimum unit ID of one (1) and maximum unit ID of 247 referring to the specification.
@@ -68,4 +69,10 @@ This validation is _not_ implemented here due to real world experience, that som
 
 ---
 
-Published under MIT License (see [**tl;dr**Legal](https://www.tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license))
+Published under MIT License (see [choose a license])
+
+
+
+[RTU over TCP]:     https://www.fernhillsoftware.com/help/drivers/modbus/modbus-protocol.html
+[choose a license]: https://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/
+

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Utils/VirtualModbusClient.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Threading;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Events;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Models;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols;
+
+namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Utils
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Implements a virtual Modbus client.
+	/// </summary>
+	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
+	public class VirtualModbusClient : ModbusClientBase
+	{
+		#region Constructor
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="VirtualModbusClient"/> class.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <remarks><strong>DO NOT MODIFY</strong> connection or protocol.</remarks>
+		public VirtualModbusClient()
+			: base(new VirtualConnection())
+		{
+			Protocol = new VirtualProtocol();
+
+			TypedProtocol.CoilWritten += (sender, e) => CoilWritten?.Invoke(this, e);
+			TypedProtocol.RegisterWritten += (sender, e) => RegisterWritten?.Invoke(this, e);
+		}
+
+		#endregion Constructor
+
+		#region Events
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Indicates that a <see cref="Coil"/>-value received through a remote client has been written.
+		/// </summary>
+		public event EventHandler<CoilWrittenEventArgs> CoilWritten;
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Indicates that a <see cref="HoldingRegister"/>-value received from a remote client has been written.
+		/// </summary>
+		public event EventHandler<RegisterWrittenEventArgs> RegisterWritten;
+
+		#endregion Events
+
+		#region Properties
+
+		internal VirtualProtocol TypedProtocol
+			=> Protocol as VirtualProtocol;
+
+		#endregion Properties
+
+		#region Device Handling
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Adds a device to the virtual client.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="unitId">The unit id of the device.</param>
+		/// <returns><see langword="true"/> if the device was added successfully, <see langword="false"/> otherwise.</returns>
+		public bool AddDevice(byte unitId)
+			=> TypedProtocol.AddDevice(unitId);
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Removes a device from the virtual client.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="unitId">The unit id of the device.</param>
+		/// <returns><see langword="true"/> if the device was removed successfully, <see langword="false"/> otherwise.</returns>
+		public bool RemoveDevice(byte unitId)
+			=> TypedProtocol.RemoveDevice(unitId);
+
+		#endregion Device Handling
+
+		#region Entity Handling
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets a <see cref="Coil"/> from the specified <see cref="ModbusDevice"/>.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="unitId">The unit ID of the device.</param>
+		/// <param name="address">The address of the <see cref="Coil"/>.</param>
+		public Coil GetCoil(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedProtocol.GetCoil(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets a <see cref="Coil"/> to the specified <see cref="ModbusDevice"/>.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="unitId">The unit ID of the device.</param>
+		/// <param name="coil">The <see cref="Coil"/> to set.</param>
+		public void SetCoil(byte unitId, Coil coil)
+			=> TypedProtocol.SetCoil(unitId, coil);
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets a <see cref="DiscreteInput"/> from the specified <see cref="ModbusDevice"/>.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="unitId">The unit ID of the device.</param>
+		/// <param name="address">The address of the <see cref="DiscreteInput"/>.</param>
+		public DiscreteInput GetDiscreteInput(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedProtocol.GetDiscreteInput(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets a <see cref="DiscreteInput"/> to the specified <see cref="ModbusDevice"/>.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="unitId">The unit ID of the device.</param>
+		/// <param name="discreteInput">The <see cref="DiscreteInput"/> to set.</param>
+		public void SetDiscreteInput(byte unitId, DiscreteInput discreteInput)
+			=> TypedProtocol.SetDiscreteInput(unitId, discreteInput);
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets a <see cref="HoldingRegister"/> from the specified <see cref="ModbusDevice"/>.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="unitId">The unit ID of the device.</param>
+		/// <param name="address">The address of the <see cref="HoldingRegister"/>.</param>
+		public HoldingRegister GetHoldingRegister(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedProtocol.GetHoldingRegister(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets a <see cref="HoldingRegister"/> to the specified <see cref="ModbusDevice"/>.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="unitId">The unit ID of the device.</param>
+		/// <param name="holdingRegister">The <see cref="HoldingRegister"/> to set.</param>
+		public void SetHoldingRegister(byte unitId, HoldingRegister holdingRegister)
+			=> TypedProtocol.SetHoldingRegister(unitId, holdingRegister);
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets a <see cref="InputRegister"/> from the specified <see cref="ModbusDevice"/>.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="unitId">The unit ID of the device.</param>
+		/// <param name="address">The address of the <see cref="InputRegister"/>.</param>
+		public InputRegister GetInputRegister(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedProtocol.GetInputRegister(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets a <see cref="InputRegister"/> to the specified <see cref="ModbusDevice"/>.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="unitId">The unit ID of the device.</param>
+		/// <param name="inputRegister">The <see cref="InputRegister"/> to set.</param>
+		public void SetInputRegister(byte unitId, InputRegister inputRegister)
+			=> TypedProtocol.SetInputRegister(unitId, inputRegister);
+
+		#endregion Entity Handling
+
+		#region Methods
+
+		/// <inheritdoc />
+		protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
+		{
+			TypedProtocol.Dispose();
+			base.Dispose(disposing);
+		}
+
+		#endregion Methods
+
+		#region Connection
+
+		internal class VirtualConnection : IModbusConnection
+		{
+			public string Name => nameof(VirtualConnection);
+
+			public TimeSpan IdleTimeout { get; set; }
+
+			public TimeSpan ConnectTimeout { get; set; }
+
+			public TimeSpan ReadTimeout { get; set; }
+
+			public TimeSpan WriteTimeout { get; set; }
+
+			public void Dispose()
+			{ /* nothing to do */ }
+
+			public Task<IReadOnlyList<byte>> InvokeAsync(
+				IReadOnlyList<byte> request,
+				Func<IReadOnlyList<byte>, bool> validateResponseComplete,
+				CancellationToken cancellationToken = default) => Task.FromResult(request);
+		}
+
+		#endregion Connection
+	}
+}

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.csproj

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFrameworks>netstandard2.0;net6.0;net8.0</TargetFrameworks>
+    <TargetFrameworks>netstandard2.0;net6.0;net8.0;net10.0</TargetFrameworks>
-    <LangVersion>12.0</LangVersion>
-
     <PackageId>AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial</PackageId>
     <AssemblyName>amwd-modbus-serial</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial</RootNamespace>
@@ -14,17 +12,12 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/InternalsVisibleTo.cs" Link="InternalsVisibleTo.cs" />
     <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Extensions/ArrayExtensions.cs" Link="Extensions/ArrayExtensions.cs" />
     <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Extensions/ReaderWriterLockSlimExtensions.cs" Link="Extensions/ReaderWriterLockSlimExtensions.cs" />
     <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Utils/AsyncQueue.cs" Link="Utils/AsyncQueue.cs" />
     <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Utils/RequestQueueItem.cs" Link="Utils/RequestQueueItem.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <None Include="README.md" Pack="true" PackagePath="/" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
   <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'netstandard2.0'">
     <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Ports" Version="4.7.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
@@ -37,12 +30,12 @@
     <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Ports" Version="8.0.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(TargetFramework)' == 'net10.0'">
+    <PackageReference Include="System.IO.Ports" Version="10.0.0" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <Folder Include="Extensions\" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
 </Project>

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/ModbusRtuProxy.cs

@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common;
 using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts;
 using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols;
-using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.Utils;
 
-namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
+namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 {
 	/// <summary>
 	/// Implements a Modbus serial line RTU server proxying all requests to a Modbus client of choice.
 	/// </summary>
-	public class ModbusRtuProxy : IDisposable
+	public class ModbusRtuProxy : IModbusProxy
 	{
 		#region Fields
 
 		private bool _isDisposed;
 
-		private readonly SerialPort _serialPort;
+		private readonly SerialPortWrapper _serialPort;
 		private CancellationTokenSource _stopCts;
 
 		#endregion Fields
@@ -33,31 +33,25 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 		/// </summary>
 		/// <param name="client">The <see cref="ModbusClientBase"/> used to request the remote device, that should be proxied.</param>
 		/// <param name="portName">The name of the serial port to use.</param>
-		/// <param name="baudRate">The baud rate of the serial port (Default: 19.200).</param>
+		public ModbusRtuProxy(ModbusClientBase client, string portName)
-		public ModbusRtuProxy(ModbusClientBase client, string portName, BaudRate baudRate = BaudRate.Baud19200)
 		{
 			Client = client ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(client));
 
 			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(portName))
 				throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(portName));
 
-			if (!Enum.IsDefined(typeof(BaudRate), baudRate))
+			_serialPort = new SerialPortWrapper
-				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(baudRate));
-
-			if (!ModbusSerialClient.AvailablePortNames.Contains(portName))
-				throw new ArgumentException($"The serial port ({portName}) is not available.", nameof(portName));
-
-			_serialPort = new SerialPort
 			{
 				PortName = portName,
-				BaudRate = (int)baudRate,
+
-				Handshake = Handshake.None,
+				BaudRate = (int)BaudRate.Baud19200,
 				DataBits = 8,
-				ReadTimeout = 1000,
-				RtsEnable = false,
 				StopBits = StopBits.One,
+				Parity = Parity.Even,
+				Handshake = Handshake.None,
+				ReadTimeout = 1000,
 				WriteTimeout = 1000,
-				Parity = Parity.Even
+				RtsEnable = false,
 			};
 		}
 
@@ -70,80 +64,108 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 		/// </summary>
 		public ModbusClientBase Client { get; }
 
-		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.PortName"/>
+		#region SerialPort Properties
-		public string PortName => _serialPort.PortName;
 
-		/// <summary>
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.PortName" />
-		/// Gets or sets the baud rate of the serial port.
+		public virtual string PortName
-		/// </summary>
+		{
-		public BaudRate BaudRate
+			get => _serialPort.PortName;
+			set => _serialPort.PortName = value;
+		}
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.BaudRate" />
+		public virtual BaudRate BaudRate
 		{
 			get => (BaudRate)_serialPort.BaudRate;
 			set => _serialPort.BaudRate = (int)value;
 		}
 
-		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.Handshake"/>
-		public Handshake Handshake
-		{
-			get => _serialPort.Handshake;
-			set => _serialPort.Handshake = value;
-		}
-
 		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.DataBits" />
-		public int DataBits
+		/// <remarks>
+		/// From the Specs:
+		/// <br/>
+		/// On <see cref="AsciiProtocol"/> it can be 7 or 8.
+		/// <br/>
+		/// On <see cref="RtuProtocol"/> it has to be 8.
+		/// </remarks>
+		public virtual int DataBits
 		{
 			get => _serialPort.DataBits;
 			set => _serialPort.DataBits = value;
 		}
 
-		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.IsOpen"/>
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.Handshake" />
-		public bool IsOpen => _serialPort.IsOpen;
+		public virtual Handshake Handshake
-
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Gets or sets the <see cref="TimeSpan"/> before a time-out occurs when a read operation does not finish.
-		/// </summary>
-		public TimeSpan ReadTimeout
 		{
-			get => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(_serialPort.ReadTimeout);
+			get => _serialPort.Handshake;
-			set => _serialPort.ReadTimeout = (int)value.TotalMilliseconds;
+			set => _serialPort.Handshake = value;
+		}
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.Parity" />
+		/// <remarks>
+		/// From the Specs:
+		/// <br/>
+		/// <see cref="Parity.Even"/> is recommended and therefore the default value.
+		/// <br/>
+		/// If you use <see cref="Parity.None"/>, <see cref="StopBits.Two"/> is required,
+		/// otherwise <see cref="StopBits.One"/> should work fine.
+		/// </remarks>
+		public virtual Parity Parity
+		{
+			get => _serialPort.Parity;
+			set => _serialPort.Parity = value;
 		}
 
 		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.RtsEnable" />
-		public bool RtsEnable
+		public virtual bool RtsEnable
 		{
 			get => _serialPort.RtsEnable;
 			set => _serialPort.RtsEnable = value;
 		}
 
 		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.StopBits" />
-		public StopBits StopBits
+		/// <remarks>
+		/// From the Specs:
+		/// <br/>
+		/// Should be <see cref="StopBits.One"/> for <see cref="Parity.Even"/> or <see cref="Parity.Odd"/>.
+		/// <br/>
+		/// Should be <see cref="StopBits.Two"/> for <see cref="Parity.None"/>.
+		/// </remarks>
+		public virtual StopBits StopBits
 		{
 			get => _serialPort.StopBits;
 			set => _serialPort.StopBits = value;
 		}
 
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPortWrapper.IsOpen"/>
+		public bool IsOpen => _serialPort.IsOpen;
+
 		/// <summary>
-		/// Gets or sets the <see cref="TimeSpan"/> before a time-out occurs when a write operation does not finish.
+		/// Gets or sets the <see cref="TimeSpan"/> before a time-out occurs when a read/receive operation does not finish.
 		/// </summary>
-		public TimeSpan WriteTimeout
+		public virtual TimeSpan ReadTimeout
+		{
+			get => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(_serialPort.ReadTimeout);
+			set => _serialPort.ReadTimeout = (int)value.TotalMilliseconds;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets or sets the <see cref="TimeSpan"/> before a time-out occurs when a write/send operation does not finish.
+		/// </summary>
+		public virtual TimeSpan WriteTimeout
 		{
 			get => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(_serialPort.WriteTimeout);
 			set => _serialPort.WriteTimeout = (int)value.TotalMilliseconds;
 		}
 
-		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.Parity"/>
+		#endregion SerialPort Properties
-		public Parity Parity
-		{
-			get => _serialPort.Parity;
-			set => _serialPort.Parity = value;
-		}
 
 		#endregion Properties
 
 		#region Control Methods
 
 		/// <summary>
-		/// Starts the server.
+		/// Starts the proxy.
 		/// </summary>
 		/// <param name="cancellationToken">A cancellation token used to propagate notification that this operation should be canceled.</param>
 		public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
@@ -164,23 +186,22 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 		}
 
 		/// <summary>
-		/// Stops the server.
+		/// Stops the proxy.
 		/// </summary>
 		/// <param name="cancellationToken">A cancellation token used to propagate notification that this operation should be canceled.</param>
 		public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
 		{
 			Assertions();
-			return StopAsyncInternal(cancellationToken);
+			StopAsyncInternal();
+			return Task.CompletedTask;
 		}
 
-		private Task StopAsyncInternal(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+		private void StopAsyncInternal()
 		{
-			_stopCts.Cancel();
+			_stopCts?.Cancel();
 
 			_serialPort.Close();
 			_serialPort.DataReceived -= OnDataReceived;
-
-			return Task.CompletedTask;
 		}
 
 		/// <summary>
@@ -193,7 +214,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 			_isDisposed = true;
 
-			StopAsyncInternal(CancellationToken.None).Wait();
+			StopAsyncInternal();
 
 			_serialPort.Dispose();
 			_stopCts?.Dispose();
@@ -207,13 +228,16 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			if (_isDisposed)
 				throw new ObjectDisposedException(GetType().FullName);
 #endif
+
+			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(PortName))
+				throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(PortName), "The serial port name cannot be empty.");
 		}
 
 		#endregion Control Methods
 
 		#region Client Handling
 
-		private void OnDataReceived(object _, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs evArgs)
+		private void OnDataReceived(object _, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs __)
 		{
 			try
 			{
@@ -282,16 +306,14 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				default: // unknown function
 					{
-						byte[] responseBytes = new byte[5];
+						var responseBytes = new List<byte>();
-						Array.Copy(requestBytes, 0, responseBytes, 0, 2);
+						responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(2));
+						responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalFunction);
 
 						// Mark as error
 						responseBytes[1] |= 0x80;
 
-						responseBytes[2] = (byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalFunction;
+						return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-
-						SetCrc(responseBytes);
-						return responseBytes;
 					}
 			}
 		}
@@ -309,7 +331,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(2));
 			try
 			{
-				var coils = await Client.ReadCoilsAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken);
+				var coils = await Client.ReadCoilsAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 				byte[] values = new byte[(int)Math.Ceiling(coils.Count / 8.0)];
 				for (int i = 0; i < coils.Count; i++)
@@ -332,8 +354,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			AddCrc(responseBytes);
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-			return [.. responseBytes];
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleReadDiscreteInputsAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -349,7 +370,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(2));
 			try
 			{
-				var discreteInputs = await Client.ReadDiscreteInputsAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken);
+				var discreteInputs = await Client.ReadDiscreteInputsAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 				byte[] values = new byte[(int)Math.Ceiling(discreteInputs.Count / 8.0)];
 				for (int i = 0; i < discreteInputs.Count; i++)
@@ -372,8 +393,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			AddCrc(responseBytes);
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-			return [.. responseBytes];
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleReadHoldingRegistersAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -389,7 +409,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(2));
 			try
 			{
-				var holdingRegisters = await Client.ReadHoldingRegistersAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken);
+				var holdingRegisters = await Client.ReadHoldingRegistersAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 				byte[] values = new byte[holdingRegisters.Count * 2];
 				for (int i = 0; i < holdingRegisters.Count; i++)
@@ -407,8 +427,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			AddCrc(responseBytes);
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-			return [.. responseBytes];
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleReadInputRegistersAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -424,7 +443,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(2));
 			try
 			{
-				var inputRegisters = await Client.ReadInputRegistersAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken);
+				var inputRegisters = await Client.ReadInputRegistersAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 				byte[] values = new byte[count * 2];
 				for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
@@ -442,8 +461,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			AddCrc(responseBytes);
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-			return [.. responseBytes];
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleWriteSingleCoilAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -461,8 +479,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes[1] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalDataValue);
 
-				AddCrc(responseBytes);
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
 			}
 
 			try
@@ -474,7 +491,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 					LowByte = requestBytes[5],
 				};
 
-				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteSingleCoilAsync(requestBytes[0], coil, cancellationToken);
+				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteSingleCoilAsync(requestBytes[0], coil, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 				if (isSuccess)
 				{
 					// Response is an echo of the request
@@ -492,8 +509,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			AddCrc(responseBytes);
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-			return [.. responseBytes];
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleWriteSingleRegisterAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -514,7 +530,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 					LowByte = requestBytes[5]
 				};
 
-				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteSingleHoldingRegisterAsync(requestBytes[0], register, cancellationToken);
+				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteSingleHoldingRegisterAsync(requestBytes[0], register, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 				if (isSuccess)
 				{
 					// Response is an echo of the request
@@ -532,8 +548,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			AddCrc(responseBytes);
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-			return [.. responseBytes];
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleWriteMultipleCoilsAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -553,8 +568,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes[1] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalDataValue);
 
-				AddCrc(responseBytes);
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
 			}
 
 			try
@@ -576,7 +590,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 					});
 				}
 
-				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteMultipleCoilsAsync(requestBytes[0], coils, cancellationToken);
+				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteMultipleCoilsAsync(requestBytes[0], coils, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 				if (isSuccess)
 				{
 					// Response is an echo of the request
@@ -594,8 +608,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			AddCrc(responseBytes);
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-			return [.. responseBytes];
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleWriteMultipleRegistersAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -604,7 +617,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				return null;
 
 			var responseBytes = new List<byte>();
-			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(8));
+			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(2));
 
 			ushort firstAddress = requestBytes.GetBigEndianUInt16(2);
 			ushort count = requestBytes.GetBigEndianUInt16(4);
@@ -615,8 +628,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes[1] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalDataValue);
 
-				AddCrc(responseBytes);
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
 			}
 
 			try
@@ -633,8 +645,9 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 						HighByte = requestBytes[baseOffset + i * 2],
 						LowByte = requestBytes[baseOffset + i * 2 + 1]
 					});
+				}
 
-					bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteMultipleHoldingRegistersAsync(requestBytes[0], list, cancellationToken);
+				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteMultipleHoldingRegistersAsync(requestBytes[0], list, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 				if (isSuccess)
 				{
 					// Response is an echo of the request
@@ -646,19 +659,20 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 					responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 				}
 			}
-			}
 			catch
 			{
 				responseBytes[1] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			AddCrc(responseBytes);
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-			return [.. responseBytes];
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleEncapsulatedInterfaceAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
 		{
+			if (requestBytes.Length < 7)
+				return null;
+
 			var responseBytes = new List<byte>();
 			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(2));
 
@@ -667,8 +681,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes[1] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalFunction);
 
-				AddCrc(responseBytes);
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
 			}
 
 			var firstObject = (ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject)requestBytes[4];
@@ -677,8 +690,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes[1] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalDataAddress);
 
-				AddCrc(responseBytes);
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
 			}
 
 			var category = (ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory)requestBytes[3];
@@ -687,13 +699,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes[1] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalDataValue);
 
-				AddCrc(responseBytes);
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
 			}
 
 			try
 			{
-				var res = await Client.ReadDeviceIdentificationAsync(requestBytes[6], category, firstObject, cancellationToken);
+				var deviceInfo = await Client.ReadDeviceIdentificationAsync(requestBytes[0], category, firstObject, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 				var bodyBytes = new List<byte>();
 
@@ -702,31 +713,20 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				// Conformity
 				bodyBytes.Add((byte)category);
-				if (res.IsIndividualAccessAllowed)
+				if (deviceInfo.IsIndividualAccessAllowed)
 					bodyBytes[2] |= 0x80;
 
 				// More, NextId, NumberOfObjects
 				bodyBytes.AddRange(new byte[3]);
 
-				int maxObjectId;
+				int maxObjectId = category switch
-				switch (category)
 				{
-					case ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Basic:
+					ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Basic => 0x02,
-						maxObjectId = 0x02;
+					ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Regular => 0x06,
-						break;
+					ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Extended => 0xFF,
-
+					// Individual
-					case ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Regular:
+					_ => requestBytes[4],
-						maxObjectId = 0x06;
+				};
-						break;
-
-					case ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Extended:
-						maxObjectId = 0xFF;
-						break;
-
-					default: // Individual
-						maxObjectId = requestBytes[4];
-						break;
-				}
 
 				byte numberOfObjects = 0;
 				for (int i = requestBytes[4]; i <= maxObjectId; i++)
@@ -735,17 +735,19 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 					if (0x07 <= i && i <= 0x7F)
 						continue;
 
-					byte[] objBytes = GetDeviceObject((byte)i, res);
+					byte[] objBytes = GetDeviceObject((byte)i, deviceInfo);
 
-					// We need to split the response if it would exceed the max ADU size
+					// We need to split the response if it would exceed the max ADU size.
-					if (responseBytes.Count + bodyBytes.Count + objBytes.Length > RtuProtocol.MAX_ADU_LENGTH)
+					// 2 bytes of CRC have to be added.
+					if (responseBytes.Count + bodyBytes.Count + objBytes.Length + 2 > RtuProtocol.MAX_ADU_LENGTH)
 					{
 						bodyBytes[3] = 0xFF;
 						bodyBytes[4] = (byte)i;
 
 						bodyBytes[5] = numberOfObjects;
 						responseBytes.AddRange(bodyBytes);
-						return [.. responseBytes];
+
+						return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 					}
 
 					bodyBytes.AddRange(objBytes);
@@ -755,16 +757,14 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				bodyBytes[5] = numberOfObjects;
 				responseBytes.AddRange(bodyBytes);
 
-				AddCrc(responseBytes);
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
 			}
 			catch
 			{
 				responseBytes[1] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 
-				AddCrc(responseBytes);
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			{
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.VendorName:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.VendorName);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.VendorName ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.ProductCode:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ProductCode);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ProductCode ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.MajorMinorRevision:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.MajorMinorRevision);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.MajorMinorRevision ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.VendorUrl:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.VendorUrl);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.VendorUrl ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.ProductName:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ProductName);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ProductName ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.ModelName:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ModelName);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ModelName ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.UserApplicationName:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.UserApplicationName);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.UserApplicationName ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -831,9 +831,8 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				default:
 					{
-						if (deviceIdentification.ExtendedObjects.ContainsKey(objectId))
+						if (deviceIdentification.ExtendedObjects.TryGetValue(objectId, out byte[] bytes))
 						{
-							byte[] bytes = deviceIdentification.ExtendedObjects[objectId];
 							result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 							result.AddRange(bytes);
 						}
@@ -848,20 +847,28 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			return [.. result];
 		}
 
-		private static void SetCrc(byte[] bytes)
+		private static byte[] ReturnResponse(List<byte> response)
 		{
-			byte[] crc = RtuProtocol.CRC16(bytes, 0, bytes.Length - 2);
+			response.AddRange(RtuProtocol.CRC16(response));
-			bytes[bytes.Length - 2] = crc[0];
+			return [.. response];
-			bytes[bytes.Length - 1] = crc[1];
-		}
-
-		private static void AddCrc(List<byte> bytes)
-		{
-			byte[] crc = RtuProtocol.CRC16(bytes);
-			bytes.Add(crc[0]);
-			bytes.Add(crc[1]);
 		}
 
 		#endregion Request Handling
+
+		/// <inheritdoc/>
+		public override string ToString()
+		{
+			var sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+			sb.AppendLine($"RTU Proxy");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(PortName)}:   {PortName}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(BaudRate)}:   {(int)BaudRate}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(DataBits)}:   {DataBits}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(StopBits)}:   {StopBits}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(Parity)}:     {Parity}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(Client)}:     {Client.GetType().Name}");
+
+			return sb.ToString();
+		}
 	}
 }

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/ModbusRtuServer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+using System;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Events;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Utils;
+
+namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Implements a Modbus serial line RTU server proxying all requests to a virtual Modbus client.
+	/// </summary>
+	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
+	public class ModbusRtuServer : ModbusRtuProxy
+	{
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ModbusRtuServer"/> class.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="portName">The name of the serial port to use.</param>
+		public ModbusRtuServer(string portName)
+			: base(new VirtualModbusClient(), portName)
+		{
+			TypedClient.CoilWritten += (sender, e) => CoilWritten?.Invoke(this, e);
+			TypedClient.RegisterWritten += (sender, e) => RegisterWritten?.Invoke(this, e);
+		}
+
+		#region Events
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Indicates that a <see cref="Coil"/>-value received through a remote client has been written.
+		/// </summary>
+		public event EventHandler<CoilWrittenEventArgs> CoilWritten;
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Indicates that a <see cref="HoldingRegister"/>-value received from a remote client has been written.
+		/// </summary>
+		public event EventHandler<RegisterWrittenEventArgs> RegisterWritten;
+
+		#endregion Events
+
+		#region Properties
+
+		internal VirtualModbusClient TypedClient
+			=> Client as VirtualModbusClient;
+
+		#endregion Properties
+
+		#region Device Handling
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.AddDevice(byte)"/>
+		public bool AddDevice(byte unitId)
+			=> TypedClient.AddDevice(unitId);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.RemoveDevice(byte)"/>
+		public bool RemoveDevice(byte unitId)
+			=> TypedClient.RemoveDevice(unitId);
+
+		#endregion Device Handling
+
+		#region Entity Handling
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.GetCoil(byte, ushort)"/>
+		public Coil GetCoil(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedClient.GetCoil(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.SetCoil(byte, Coil)"/>
+		public void SetCoil(byte unitId, Coil coil)
+			=> TypedClient.SetCoil(unitId, coil);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.GetDiscreteInput(byte, ushort)"/>
+		public DiscreteInput GetDiscreteInput(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedClient.GetDiscreteInput(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.SetDiscreteInput(byte, DiscreteInput)"/>
+		public void SetDiscreteInput(byte unitId, DiscreteInput discreteInput)
+			=> TypedClient.SetDiscreteInput(unitId, discreteInput);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.GetHoldingRegister(byte, ushort)"/>
+		public HoldingRegister GetHoldingRegister(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedClient.GetHoldingRegister(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.SetHoldingRegister(byte, HoldingRegister)"/>
+		public void SetHoldingRegister(byte unitId, HoldingRegister holdingRegister)
+			=> TypedClient.SetHoldingRegister(unitId, holdingRegister);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.GetInputRegister(byte, ushort)"/>
+		public InputRegister GetInputRegister(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedClient.GetInputRegister(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.SetInputRegister(byte, InputRegister)"/>
+		public void SetInputRegister(byte unitId, InputRegister inputRegister)
+			=> TypedClient.SetInputRegister(unitId, inputRegister);
+
+		#endregion Entity Handling
+	}
+}

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/ModbusSerialClient.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.IO.Ports;
+using System.Text;
 using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts;
 using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols;
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 		/// </summary>
 		/// <param name="portName">The name of the serial port to use.</param>
 		public ModbusSerialClient(string portName)
-			: this(new ModbusSerialConnection { PortName = portName })
+			: this(new ModbusSerialConnection(portName))
 		{ }
 
 		/// <summary>
@@ -40,8 +41,8 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 			Protocol = new RtuProtocol();
 		}
 
-		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.GetPortNames" />
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="ModbusSerialConnection.AvailablePortNames" />
-		public static string[] AvailablePortNames => SerialPort.GetPortNames();
+		public static string[] AvailablePortNames => ModbusSerialConnection.AvailablePortNames;
 
 		/// <inheritdoc cref="IModbusConnection.IdleTimeout"/>
 		public TimeSpan IdleTimeout
@@ -223,5 +224,22 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 					serialConnection.StopBits = value;
 			}
 		}
+
+		/// <inheritdoc/>
+		public override string ToString()
+		{
+			var sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+			sb.AppendLine($"Serial Client {PortName}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(BaudRate)}:           {(int)BaudRate}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(DataBits)}:           {DataBits}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(StopBits)}:           {(StopBits == StopBits.OnePointFive ? "1.5" : ((int)StopBits).ToString())}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(Parity)}:             {Parity.ToString().ToLower()}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(Handshake)}:          {Handshake.ToString().ToLower()}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(RtsEnable)}:          {RtsEnable.ToString().ToLower()}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(DriverEnabledRS485)}: {DriverEnabledRS485.ToString().ToLower()}");
+
+			return sb.ToString();
+		}
 	}
 }

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/ModbusSerialConnection.cs

@@ -31,18 +31,24 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 		private readonly Task _processingTask;
 		private readonly AsyncQueue<RequestQueueItem> _requestQueue = new();
 
-		// Only required to cover all logic branches on unit tests.
+		private readonly bool _isLinux;
-		private bool _isUnitTest = false;
 
 		#endregion Fields
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ModbusSerialConnection"/> class.
 		/// </summary>
-		public ModbusSerialConnection()
+		public ModbusSerialConnection(string portName)
 		{
+			_isLinux = RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux);
+
+			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(portName))
+				throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(portName));
+
 			_serialPort = new SerialPortWrapper
 			{
+				PortName = portName,
+
 				BaudRate = (int)BaudRate.Baud19200,
 				DataBits = 8,
 				Handshake = Handshake.None,
@@ -59,6 +65,9 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 
 		#region Properties
 
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.GetPortNames" />
+		public static string[] AvailablePortNames => SerialPort.GetPortNames();
+
 		/// <inheritdoc/>
 		public string Name => "Serial";
 
@@ -68,20 +77,6 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 		/// <inheritdoc/>
 		public virtual TimeSpan ConnectTimeout { get; set; } = TimeSpan.MaxValue;
 
-		/// <inheritdoc/>
-		public virtual TimeSpan ReadTimeout
-		{
-			get => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(_serialPort.ReadTimeout);
-			set => _serialPort.ReadTimeout = (int)value.TotalMilliseconds;
-		}
-
-		/// <inheritdoc/>
-		public virtual TimeSpan WriteTimeout
-		{
-			get => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(_serialPort.WriteTimeout);
-			set => _serialPort.WriteTimeout = (int)value.TotalMilliseconds;
-		}
-
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the RS485 driver has to be enabled via software switch.
 		/// </summary>
@@ -107,9 +102,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 			set => _serialPort.PortName = value;
 		}
 
-		/// <summary>
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.BaudRate" />
-		/// Gets or sets the serial baud rate.
-		/// </summary>
 		public virtual BaudRate BaudRate
 		{
 			get => (BaudRate)_serialPort.BaudRate;
@@ -118,7 +111,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 
 		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.DataBits" />
 		/// <remarks>
-		/// Should be 7 for ASCII mode and 8 for RTU mode.
+		/// From the Specs:
+		/// <br/>
+		/// On <see cref="AsciiProtocol"/> it can be 7 or 8.
+		/// <br/>
+		/// On <see cref="RtuProtocol"/> it has to be 8.
 		/// </remarks>
 		public virtual int DataBits
 		{
@@ -159,9 +156,9 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 		/// <remarks>
 		/// From the Specs:
 		/// <br/>
-		/// Should be <see cref="StopBits.One"/> for <see cref="Parity.Even"/> or <see cref="Parity.Odd"/> and
+		/// Should be <see cref="StopBits.One"/> for <see cref="Parity.Even"/> or <see cref="Parity.Odd"/>.
 		/// <br/>
-		/// should be <see cref="StopBits.Two"/> for <see cref="Parity.None"/>.
+		/// Should be <see cref="StopBits.Two"/> for <see cref="Parity.None"/>.
 		/// </remarks>
 		public virtual StopBits StopBits
 		{
@@ -169,6 +166,20 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 			set => _serialPort.StopBits = value;
 		}
 
+		/// <inheritdoc/>
+		public virtual TimeSpan ReadTimeout
+		{
+			get => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(_serialPort.ReadTimeout);
+			set => _serialPort.ReadTimeout = (int)value.TotalMilliseconds;
+		}
+
+		/// <inheritdoc/>
+		public virtual TimeSpan WriteTimeout
+		{
+			get => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(_serialPort.WriteTimeout);
+			set => _serialPort.WriteTimeout = (int)value.TotalMilliseconds;
+		}
+
 		#endregion SerialPort Properties
 
 		#endregion Properties
@@ -188,7 +199,6 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 
 			try
 			{
-				_processingTask.Wait();
 				_processingTask.Dispose();
 			}
 			catch
@@ -259,7 +269,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 				try
 				{
 					// Get next request to process
-					var item = await _requestQueue.DequeueAsync(cancellationToken);
+					var item = await _requestQueue.DequeueAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 					// Remove registration => already removed from queue
 					item.CancellationTokenRegistration.Dispose();
@@ -267,13 +277,13 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 					// Build combined cancellation token
 					using var linkedCts = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken, item.CancellationTokenSource.Token);
 					// Wait for exclusive access
-					await _portLock.WaitAsync(linkedCts.Token);
+					await _portLock.WaitAsync(linkedCts.Token).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 					try
 					{
 						// Ensure connection is up
 						await AssertConnection(linkedCts.Token);
 
-						await _serialPort.WriteAsync(item.Request, linkedCts.Token);
+						await _serialPort.WriteAsync(item.Request, linkedCts.Token).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 						linkedCts.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
 
@@ -282,7 +292,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 
 						do
 						{
-							int readCount = await _serialPort.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, linkedCts.Token);
+							int readCount = await _serialPort.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, linkedCts.Token).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 							if (readCount < 1)
 								throw new EndOfStreamException();
 
@@ -313,7 +323,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 						_portLock.Release();
 						_idleTimer.Change(IdleTimeout, Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan);
 
-						await Task.Delay(InterRequestDelay, cancellationToken);
+						await Task.Delay(InterRequestDelay, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 					}
 				}
 				catch (OperationCanceledException) when (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
@@ -344,7 +354,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 					_serialPort.Close();
 					_serialPort.ResetRS485DriverStateFlags();
 
-					if (DriverEnabledRS485 && (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux) || _isUnitTest))
+					if (DriverEnabledRS485 && _isLinux)
 					{
 						var flags = _serialPort.GetRS485DriverStateFlags();
 						flags |= RS485Flags.Enabled;
@@ -352,7 +362,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 						_serialPort.ChangeRS485DriverStateFlags(flags);
 					}
 
-					using var connectTask = Task.Run(_serialPort.Open);
+					using var connectTask = Task.Run(_serialPort.Open, cancellationToken);
 					if (await Task.WhenAny(connectTask, Task.Delay(ReadTimeout, cancellationToken)) == connectTask)
 					{
 						await connectTask;
@@ -370,7 +380,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial
 
 					try
 					{
-						await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(delay), cancellationToken);
+						await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(delay), cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 					}
 					catch
 					{ /* keep it quiet */ }

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/README.md

@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ using var client = new ModbusSerialClient(serialPort)
 
 ---
 
-Published under MIT License (see [**tl;dr**Legal])
+Published under MIT License (see [choose a license])
 
 
 
 [v1.1b3]:           https://modbus.org/docs/Modbus_Application_Protocol_V1_1b3.pdf
 [v1.02]:            https://modbus.org/docs/Modbus_over_serial_line_V1_02.pdf
-[**tl;dr**Legal]: https://www.tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
+[choose a license]: https://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial/Utils/SerialPortWrapper.cs

@@ -20,6 +20,30 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.Utils
 
 		#endregion Fields
 
+		#region Constructor
+
+		public SerialPortWrapper()
+		{
+			_serialPort.DataReceived += (sender, e) => DataReceived?.Invoke(this, e);
+			_serialPort.PinChanged += (sender, e) => PinChanged?.Invoke(this, e);
+			_serialPort.ErrorReceived += (sender, e) => ErrorReceived?.Invoke(this, e);
+		}
+
+		#endregion Constructor
+
+		#region Events
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.DataReceived"/>
+		public virtual event SerialDataReceivedEventHandler DataReceived;
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.PinChanged"/>
+		public virtual event SerialPinChangedEventHandler PinChanged;
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.ErrorReceived"/>
+		public virtual event SerialErrorReceivedEventHandler ErrorReceived;
+
+		#endregion Events
+
 		#region Properties
 
 		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.Handshake"/>
@@ -82,6 +106,10 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.Utils
 			set => _serialPort.Parity = value;
 		}
 
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.BytesToWrite"/>
+		public virtual int BytesToWrite
+			=> _serialPort.BytesToWrite;
+
 		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.BaudRate"/>
 		public virtual int BaudRate
 		{
@@ -89,6 +117,10 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.Utils
 			set => _serialPort.BaudRate = value;
 		}
 
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.BytesToRead"/>
+		public virtual int BytesToRead
+			=> _serialPort.BytesToRead;
+
 		#endregion Properties
 
 		#region Methods
@@ -101,6 +133,14 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.Utils
 		public virtual void Open()
 			=> _serialPort.Open();
 
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.Read(byte[], int, int)"/>
+		public virtual int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
+			=> _serialPort.Read(buffer, offset, count);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.Write(byte[], int, int)"/>
+		public virtual void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
+			=> _serialPort.Write(buffer, offset, count);
+
 		/// <inheritdoc cref="SerialPort.Dispose"/>
 		public virtual void Dispose()
 			=> _serialPort.Dispose();
@@ -117,7 +157,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.Utils
 		/// <remarks>
 		/// There seems to be a bug with the async stream implementation on Windows.
 		/// <br/>
-		/// See this StackOverflow answer: <see href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/54610437/11906695" />
+		/// See this StackOverflow answer: <see href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/54610437/11906695" />.
 		/// </remarks>
 		/// <param name="buffer">The buffer to write the data into.</param>
 		/// <param name="offset">The byte offset in buffer at which to begin writing data from the serial port.</param>

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.csproj

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFrameworks>netstandard2.0;net6.0;net8.0</TargetFrameworks>
-    <LangVersion>12.0</LangVersion>
-
     <PackageId>AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp</PackageId>
     <AssemblyName>amwd-modbus-tcp</AssemblyName>
     <RootNamespace>AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp</RootNamespace>
@@ -14,17 +11,12 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
-    <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/InternalsVisibleTo.cs" Link="InternalsVisibleTo.cs" />
     <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Extensions/ArrayExtensions.cs" Link="Extensions/ArrayExtensions.cs" />
     <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Extensions/ReaderWriterLockSlimExtensions.cs" Link="Extensions/ReaderWriterLockSlimExtensions.cs" />
     <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Utils/AsyncQueue.cs" Link="Utils/AsyncQueue.cs" />
     <Compile Include="../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common/Utils/RequestQueueItem.cs" Link="Utils/RequestQueueItem.cs" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <None Include="README.md" Pack="true" PackagePath="/" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="..\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.csproj" />
   </ItemGroup>

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/Extensions/StreamExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.Utils;
+
+namespace System.IO
+{
+	internal static class StreamExtensions
+	{
+		public static async Task<byte[]> ReadExpectedBytesAsync(this Stream stream, int expectedBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+		{
+			byte[] buffer = new byte[expectedBytes];
+			int offset = 0;
+			do
+			{
+				int count = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, offset, expectedBytes - offset, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
+				if (count < 1)
+					throw new EndOfStreamException();
+
+				offset += count;
+			}
+			while (offset < expectedBytes && !cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested);
+
+			cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
+			return buffer;
+		}
+
+		public static async Task<byte[]> ReadExpectedBytesAsync(this NetworkStreamWrapper stream, int expectedBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+		{
+			byte[] buffer = new byte[expectedBytes];
+			int offset = 0;
+			do
+			{
+				int count = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, offset, expectedBytes - offset, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
+				if (count < 1)
+					throw new EndOfStreamException();
+
+				offset += count;
+			}
+			while (offset < expectedBytes && !cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested);
+
+			cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
+			return buffer;
+		}
+	}
+}

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/Extensions/TaskExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.Extensions
+{
+	internal static class TaskExtensions
+	{
+		public static async void Forget(this Task task)
+		{
+			try
+			{
+				await task;
+			}
+			catch
+			{ /* keep it quiet */ }
+		}
+	}
+}

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/ModbusTcpClient.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using System.Text;
 using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts;
 using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols;
 
@@ -101,5 +102,16 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp
 					tcpConnection.Port = value;
 			}
 		}
+
+		/// <inheritdoc/>
+		public override string ToString()
+		{
+			var sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+			sb.AppendLine($"TCP Client {Hostname}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(Port)}:           {Port}");
+
+			return sb.ToString();
+		}
 	}
 }

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/ModbusTcpConnection.cs

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp
 		private readonly Task _processingTask;
 		private readonly AsyncQueue<RequestQueueItem> _requestQueue = new();
 
-		private TimeSpan _readTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1);
+		private TimeSpan _readTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
-		private TimeSpan _writeTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1);
+		private TimeSpan _writeTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);
 
 		#endregion Fields
 
@@ -65,8 +65,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp
 			get => _readTimeout;
 			set
 			{
+#if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
+				ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfLessThan(value, TimeSpan.Zero);
+#else
 				if (value < TimeSpan.Zero)
 					throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(value));
+#endif
 
 				_readTimeout = value;
 
@@ -81,8 +85,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp
 			get => _writeTimeout;
 			set
 			{
+#if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
+				ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfLessThan(value, TimeSpan.Zero);
+#else
 				if (value < TimeSpan.Zero)
 					throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(value));
+#endif
 
 				_writeTimeout = value;
 
@@ -208,7 +216,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp
 				try
 				{
 					// Get next request to process
-					var item = await _requestQueue.DequeueAsync(cancellationToken);
+					var item = await _requestQueue.DequeueAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 					// Remove registration => already removed from queue
 					item.CancellationTokenRegistration.Dispose();
@@ -216,19 +224,19 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp
 					// Build combined cancellation token
 					using var linkedCts = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken, item.CancellationTokenSource.Token);
 					// Wait for exclusive access
-					await _clientLock.WaitAsync(linkedCts.Token);
+					await _clientLock.WaitAsync(linkedCts.Token).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 					try
 					{
 						// Ensure connection is up
-						await AssertConnection(linkedCts.Token);
+						await AssertConnection(linkedCts.Token).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 						var stream = _tcpClient.GetStream();
 						await stream.FlushAsync(linkedCts.Token);
 
 #if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
-						await stream.WriteAsync(item.Request, linkedCts.Token);
+						await stream.WriteAsync(item.Request, linkedCts.Token).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 #else
-						await stream.WriteAsync(item.Request, 0, item.Request.Length, linkedCts.Token);
+						await stream.WriteAsync(item.Request, 0, item.Request.Length, linkedCts.Token).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 #endif
 
 						linkedCts.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
@@ -239,9 +247,9 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp
 						do
 						{
 #if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
-							int readCount = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, linkedCts.Token);
+							int readCount = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, linkedCts.Token).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 #else
-							int readCount = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, linkedCts.Token);
+							int readCount = await stream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, linkedCts.Token).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 #endif
 							if (readCount < 1)
 								throw new EndOfStreamException();
@@ -332,7 +340,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp
 
 					try
 					{
-						await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(delay), cancellationToken);
+						await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(delay), cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 					}
 					catch
 					{ /* keep it quiet */ }
@@ -376,10 +384,9 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp
 
 			try
 			{
-				return Dns.GetHostAddresses(hostname)
+				return [.. Dns.GetHostAddresses(hostname)
 					.Where(a => a.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork || a.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6)
-					.OrderBy(a => a.AddressFamily) // prefer IPv4
+					.OrderBy(a => a.AddressFamily)]; // prefer IPv4
-					.ToArray();
 			}
 			catch
 			{

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/ModbusTcpProxy.cs

@@ -10,62 +10,38 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common;
 using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts;
 using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Protocols;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.Extensions;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.Utils;
 
-namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
+namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp
 {
 	/// <summary>
 	/// Implements a Modbus TCP server proxying all requests to a Modbus client of choice.
 	/// </summary>
-	public class ModbusTcpProxy : IDisposable
+	/// <remarks>
+	/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ModbusTcpProxy"/> class.
+	/// </remarks>
+	/// <param name="client">The <see cref="ModbusClientBase"/> used to request the remote device, that should be proxied.</param>
+	/// <param name="listenAddress">An <see cref="IPAddress"/> to listen on.</param>
+	public class ModbusTcpProxy(ModbusClientBase client, IPAddress listenAddress) : IModbusProxy
 	{
 		#region Fields
 
 		private bool _isDisposed;
 
-		private TcpListener _listener;
+		private TimeSpan _readWriteTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(100);
+
+		private readonly TcpListenerWrapper _tcpListener = new(listenAddress, 502);
 		private CancellationTokenSource _stopCts;
 		private Task _clientConnectTask = Task.CompletedTask;
 
 		private readonly SemaphoreSlim _clientListLock = new(1, 1);
-		private readonly List<TcpClient> _clients = [];
+		private readonly List<TcpClientWrapper> _clients = [];
-		private readonly List<Task> _clientTasks = [];
 
 		#endregion Fields
 
 		#region Constructors
 
-		/// <summary>
-		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ModbusTcpProxy"/> class.
-		/// </summary>
-		/// <param name="client">The <see cref="ModbusClientBase"/> used to request the remote device, that should be proxied.</param>
-		/// <param name="listenAddress">An <see cref="IPAddress"/> to listen on (Default: <see cref="IPAddress.Loopback"/>).</param>
-		/// <param name="listenPort">A port to listen on (Default: 502).</param>
-		public ModbusTcpProxy(ModbusClientBase client, IPAddress listenAddress = null, int listenPort = 502)
-		{
-			Client = client ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(client));
-
-			ListenAddress = listenAddress ?? IPAddress.Loopback;
-
-			if (ushort.MinValue < listenPort || listenPort < ushort.MaxValue)
-				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(listenPort));
-
-			try
-			{
-#if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
-				using var testListener = new TcpListener(ListenAddress, listenPort);
-#else
-				var testListener = new TcpListener(ListenAddress, listenPort);
-#endif
-				testListener.Start(1);
-				ListenPort = (testListener.LocalEndpoint as IPEndPoint).Port;
-				testListener.Stop();
-			}
-			catch (Exception ex)
-			{
-				throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(ListenPort)} ({listenPort}) is already in use.", ex);
-			}
-		}
-
 		#endregion Constructors
 
 		#region Properties
@@ -73,27 +49,46 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets the Modbus client used to request the remote device, that should be proxied.
 		/// </summary>
-		public ModbusClientBase Client { get; }
+		public ModbusClientBase Client { get; } = client ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(client));
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets the <see cref="IPAddress"/> to listen on.
 		/// </summary>
-		public IPAddress ListenAddress { get; }
+		public IPAddress ListenAddress
+		{
+			get => _tcpListener.LocalIPEndPoint.Address;
+			set => _tcpListener.LocalIPEndPoint.Address = value;
+		}
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Get the port to listen on.
 		/// </summary>
-		public int ListenPort { get; }
+		public int ListenPort
+		{
+			get => _tcpListener.LocalIPEndPoint.Port;
+			set => _tcpListener.LocalIPEndPoint.Port = value;
+		}
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets a value indicating whether the server is running.
 		/// </summary>
-		public bool IsRunning => _listener?.Server.IsBound ?? false;
+		public bool IsRunning => _tcpListener.Socket.IsBound;
 
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or sets the read/write timeout for the incoming connections (not the <see cref="Client"/>!).
+		/// Default: 100 seconds.
 		/// </summary>
-		public TimeSpan ReadWriteTimeout { get; set; }
+		public TimeSpan ReadWriteTimeout
+		{
+			get => _readWriteTimeout;
+			set
+			{
+				if (value != Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan && value < TimeSpan.Zero)
+					throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(value));
+
+				_readWriteTimeout = value;
+			}
+		}
 
 		#endregion Properties
 
@@ -108,20 +103,17 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			Assertions();
 
 			_stopCts?.Cancel();
-
+			_tcpListener.Stop();
-			_listener?.Stop();
-#if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
-			_listener?.Dispose();
-#endif
 
 			_stopCts?.Dispose();
 			_stopCts = new CancellationTokenSource();
 
-			_listener = new TcpListener(ListenAddress, ListenPort);
+			// Only allowed to set, if the socket is in the InterNetworkV6 address family.
+			// See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.net.sockets.socket.dualmode?view=netstandard-2.0#exceptions
 			if (ListenAddress.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6)
-				_listener.Server.DualMode = true;
+				_tcpListener.Socket.DualMode = true;
 
-			_listener.Start();
+			_tcpListener.Start();
 			_clientConnectTask = WaitForClientAsync(_stopCts.Token);
 
 			return Task.CompletedTask;
@@ -139,24 +131,12 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 		private async Task StopAsyncInternal(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
 		{
-			_stopCts.Cancel();
+			_stopCts?.Cancel();
-
+			_tcpListener.Stop();
-			_listener.Stop();
-#if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
-			_listener.Dispose();
-#endif
-			try
-			{
-				await Task.WhenAny(_clientConnectTask, Task.Delay(Timeout.Infinite, cancellationToken));
-			}
-			catch (OperationCanceledException)
-			{
-				// Terminated
-			}
 
 			try
 			{
-				await Task.WhenAny(Task.WhenAll(_clientTasks), Task.Delay(Timeout.Infinite, cancellationToken));
+				await Task.WhenAny(_clientConnectTask, Task.Delay(Timeout.Infinite, cancellationToken)).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 			}
 			catch (OperationCanceledException)
 			{
@@ -178,8 +158,10 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 			_clientListLock.Dispose();
 			_clients.Clear();
+			_tcpListener.Dispose();
 
 			_stopCts?.Dispose();
+			GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
 		}
 
 		private void Assertions()
@@ -202,16 +184,13 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			{
 				try
 				{
-#if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
+					var client = await _tcpListener.AcceptTcpClientAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
-					var client = await _listener.AcceptTcpClientAsync(cancellationToken);
+					await _clientListLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
-#else
-					var client = await _listener.AcceptTcpClientAsync();
-#endif
-					await _clientListLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);
 					try
 					{
 						_clients.Add(client);
-						_clientTasks.Add(HandleClientAsync(client, cancellationToken));
+						// Can be ignored as it will terminate by itself on cancellation
+						HandleClientAsync(client, cancellationToken).Forget();
 					}
 					finally
 					{
@@ -225,7 +204,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			}
 		}
 
-		private async Task HandleClientAsync(TcpClient client, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+		private async Task HandleClientAsync(TcpClientWrapper client, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
 		{
 			try
 			{
@@ -234,23 +213,32 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				{
 					var requestBytes = new List<byte>();
 
+					// Waiting for next request
+					byte[] headerBytes = await stream.ReadExpectedBytesAsync(6, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
+					requestBytes.AddRange(headerBytes);
+
+					ushort length = headerBytes
+						.Skip(4).Take(2).ToArray()
+						.GetBigEndianUInt16();
+
+					// Waiting for the remaining required data
 					using (var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(ReadWriteTimeout))
 					using (cancellationToken.Register(cts.Cancel))
 					{
-						byte[] headerBytes = await stream.ReadExpectedBytesAsync(6, cts.Token);
+						byte[] bodyBytes = await stream.ReadExpectedBytesAsync(length, cts.Token).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
-						requestBytes.AddRange(headerBytes);
-
-						byte[] followingCountBytes = headerBytes.Skip(4).Take(2).ToArray();
-						followingCountBytes.SwapBigEndian();
-						int followingCount = BitConverter.ToUInt16(followingCountBytes, 0);
-
-						byte[] bodyBytes = await stream.ReadExpectedBytesAsync(followingCount, cts.Token);
 						requestBytes.AddRange(bodyBytes);
 					}
 
-					byte[] responseBytes = await HandleRequestAsync([.. requestBytes], cancellationToken);
+					byte[] responseBytes = await HandleRequestAsync([.. requestBytes], cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 					if (responseBytes != null)
-						await stream.WriteAsync(responseBytes, 0, responseBytes.Length, cancellationToken);
+					{
+						// Write response when available
+						using (var cts = new CancellationTokenSource(ReadWriteTimeout))
+						using (cancellationToken.Register(cts.Cancel))
+						{
+							await stream.WriteAsync(responseBytes, 0, responseBytes.Length, cts.Token).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
+						}
+					}
 				}
 			}
 			catch
@@ -259,7 +247,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			}
 			finally
 			{
-				await _clientListLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);
+				await _clientListLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 				try
 				{
 					_clients.Remove(client);
@@ -309,14 +297,14 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				default: // unknown function
 					{
-						byte[] responseBytes = new byte[9];
+						var responseBytes = new List<byte>();
-						Array.Copy(requestBytes, 0, responseBytes, 0, 8);
+						responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(8));
+						responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalFunction);
 
 						// Mark as error
 						responseBytes[7] |= 0x80;
 
-						responseBytes[8] = (byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalFunction;
+						return Task.FromResult(ReturnResponse(responseBytes));
-						return Task.FromResult(responseBytes);
 					}
 			}
 		}
@@ -334,7 +322,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(8));
 			try
 			{
-				var coils = await Client.ReadCoilsAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken);
+				var coils = await Client.ReadCoilsAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 				byte[] values = new byte[(int)Math.Ceiling(coils.Count / 8.0)];
 				for (int i = 0; i < coils.Count; i++)
@@ -357,7 +345,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			return [.. responseBytes];
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleReadDiscreteInputsAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -373,7 +361,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(8));
 			try
 			{
-				var discreteInputs = await Client.ReadDiscreteInputsAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken);
+				var discreteInputs = await Client.ReadDiscreteInputsAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 				byte[] values = new byte[(int)Math.Ceiling(discreteInputs.Count / 8.0)];
 				for (int i = 0; i < discreteInputs.Count; i++)
@@ -396,7 +384,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			return [.. responseBytes];
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleReadHoldingRegistersAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -412,7 +400,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(8));
 			try
 			{
-				var holdingRegisters = await Client.ReadHoldingRegistersAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken);
+				var holdingRegisters = await Client.ReadHoldingRegistersAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 				byte[] values = new byte[holdingRegisters.Count * 2];
 				for (int i = 0; i < holdingRegisters.Count; i++)
@@ -430,7 +418,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			return [.. responseBytes];
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleReadInputRegistersAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -446,7 +434,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(8));
 			try
 			{
-				var inputRegisters = await Client.ReadInputRegistersAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken);
+				var inputRegisters = await Client.ReadInputRegistersAsync(unitId, firstAddress, count, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 				byte[] values = new byte[count * 2];
 				for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
@@ -464,7 +452,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			return [.. responseBytes];
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleWriteSingleCoilAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -481,7 +469,8 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			{
 				responseBytes[7] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalDataValue);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
+
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 			}
 
 			try
@@ -493,7 +482,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 					LowByte = requestBytes[11],
 				};
 
-				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteSingleCoilAsync(requestBytes[6], coil, cancellationToken);
+				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteSingleCoilAsync(requestBytes[6], coil, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 				if (isSuccess)
 				{
 					// Response is an echo of the request
@@ -511,7 +500,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			return [.. responseBytes];
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleWriteSingleRegisterAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -533,7 +522,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 					LowByte = requestBytes[11]
 				};
 
-				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteSingleHoldingRegisterAsync(requestBytes[6], register, cancellationToken);
+				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteSingleHoldingRegisterAsync(requestBytes[6], register, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 				if (isSuccess)
 				{
 					// Response is an echo of the request
@@ -551,7 +540,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			return [.. responseBytes];
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleWriteMultipleCoilsAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -570,7 +559,8 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			{
 				responseBytes[7] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalDataValue);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
+
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 			}
 
 			try
@@ -592,7 +582,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 					});
 				}
 
-				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteMultipleCoilsAsync(requestBytes[6], coils, cancellationToken);
+				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteMultipleCoilsAsync(requestBytes[6], coils, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 				if (isSuccess)
 				{
 					// Response is an echo of the request
@@ -610,7 +600,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			return [.. responseBytes];
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleWriteMultipleRegistersAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
@@ -629,7 +619,8 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			{
 				responseBytes[7] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalDataValue);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
+
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 			}
 
 			try
@@ -646,8 +637,9 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 						HighByte = requestBytes[baseOffset + i * 2],
 						LowByte = requestBytes[baseOffset + i * 2 + 1]
 					});
+				}
 
-					bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteMultipleHoldingRegistersAsync(requestBytes[6], list, cancellationToken);
+				bool isSuccess = await Client.WriteMultipleHoldingRegistersAsync(requestBytes[6], list, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 				if (isSuccess)
 				{
 					// Response is an echo of the request
@@ -659,18 +651,20 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 					responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 				}
 			}
-			}
 			catch
 			{
 				responseBytes[7] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
 			}
 
-			return [.. responseBytes];
+			return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 		}
 
 		private async Task<byte[]> HandleEncapsulatedInterfaceAsync(byte[] requestBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
 		{
+			if (requestBytes.Length < 11)
+				return null;
+
 			var responseBytes = new List<byte>();
 			responseBytes.AddRange(requestBytes.Take(8));
 
@@ -678,7 +672,8 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			{
 				responseBytes[7] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalFunction);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
+
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 			}
 
 			var firstObject = (ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject)requestBytes[10];
@@ -686,7 +681,8 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			{
 				responseBytes[7] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalDataAddress);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
+
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 			}
 
 			var category = (ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory)requestBytes[9];
@@ -694,12 +690,13 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			{
 				responseBytes[7] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.IllegalDataValue);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
+
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 			}
 
 			try
 			{
-				var res = await Client.ReadDeviceIdentificationAsync(requestBytes[6], category, firstObject, cancellationToken);
+				var deviceInfo = await Client.ReadDeviceIdentificationAsync(requestBytes[6], category, firstObject, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext: false);
 
 				var bodyBytes = new List<byte>();
 
@@ -708,31 +705,20 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				// Conformity
 				bodyBytes.Add((byte)category);
-				if (res.IsIndividualAccessAllowed)
+				if (deviceInfo.IsIndividualAccessAllowed)
 					bodyBytes[2] |= 0x80;
 
 				// More, NextId, NumberOfObjects
 				bodyBytes.AddRange(new byte[3]);
 
-				int maxObjectId;
+				int maxObjectId = category switch
-				switch (category)
 				{
-					case ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Basic:
+					ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Basic => 0x02,
-						maxObjectId = 0x02;
+					ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Regular => 0x06,
-						break;
+					ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Extended => 0xFF,
-
+					// Individual
-					case ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Regular:
+					_ => requestBytes[10],
-						maxObjectId = 0x06;
+				};
-						break;
-
-					case ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Extended:
-						maxObjectId = 0xFF;
-						break;
-
-					default: // Individual
-						maxObjectId = requestBytes[10];
-						break;
-				}
 
 				byte numberOfObjects = 0;
 				for (int i = requestBytes[10]; i <= maxObjectId; i++)
@@ -741,7 +727,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 					if (0x07 <= i && i <= 0x7F)
 						continue;
 
-					byte[] objBytes = GetDeviceObject((byte)i, res);
+					byte[] objBytes = GetDeviceObject((byte)i, deviceInfo);
 
 					// We need to split the response if it would exceed the max ADU size
 					if (responseBytes.Count + bodyBytes.Count + objBytes.Length > TcpProtocol.MAX_ADU_LENGTH)
@@ -751,7 +737,8 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 						bodyBytes[5] = numberOfObjects;
 						responseBytes.AddRange(bodyBytes);
-						return [.. responseBytes];
+
+						return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 					}
 
 					bodyBytes.AddRange(objBytes);
@@ -760,24 +747,26 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				bodyBytes[5] = numberOfObjects;
 				responseBytes.AddRange(bodyBytes);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
+
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 			}
 			catch
 			{
 				responseBytes[7] |= 0x80;
 				responseBytes.Add((byte)ModbusErrorCode.SlaveDeviceFailure);
-				return [.. responseBytes];
+
+				return ReturnResponse(responseBytes);
 			}
 		}
 
-		private byte[] GetDeviceObject(byte objectId, DeviceIdentification deviceIdentification)
+		private static byte[] GetDeviceObject(byte objectId, DeviceIdentification deviceIdentification)
 		{
 			var result = new List<byte> { objectId };
 			switch ((ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject)objectId)
 			{
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.VendorName:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.VendorName);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.VendorName ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -785,7 +774,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.ProductCode:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ProductCode);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ProductCode ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -793,7 +782,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.MajorMinorRevision:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.MajorMinorRevision);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.MajorMinorRevision ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -801,7 +790,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.VendorUrl:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.VendorUrl);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.VendorUrl ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -809,7 +798,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.ProductName:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ProductName);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ProductName ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -817,7 +806,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.ModelName:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ModelName);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.ModelName ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -825,7 +814,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				case ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.UserApplicationName:
 					{
-						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.UserApplicationName);
+						byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(deviceIdentification.UserApplicationName ?? "");
 						result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 						result.AddRange(bytes);
 					}
@@ -833,9 +822,8 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 
 				default:
 					{
-						if (deviceIdentification.ExtendedObjects.ContainsKey(objectId))
+						if (deviceIdentification.ExtendedObjects.TryGetValue(objectId, out byte[] bytes))
 						{
-							byte[] bytes = deviceIdentification.ExtendedObjects[objectId];
 							result.Add((byte)bytes.Length);
 							result.AddRange(bytes);
 						}
@@ -850,6 +838,29 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Proxy
 			return [.. result];
 		}
 
+		private static byte[] ReturnResponse(List<byte> response)
+		{
+			ushort followingBytes = (ushort)(response.Count - 6);
+			var bytes = followingBytes.ToBigEndianBytes();
+			response[4] = bytes[0];
+			response[5] = bytes[1];
+
+			return [.. response];
+		}
+
 		#endregion Request Handling
+
+		/// <inheritdoc/>
+		public override string ToString()
+		{
+			var sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+			sb.AppendLine($"TCP Proxy");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(ListenAddress)}:   {ListenAddress}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(ListenPort)}:      {ListenPort}");
+			sb.AppendLine($"  {nameof(Client)}:          {Client.GetType().Name}");
+
+			return sb.ToString();
+		}
 	}
 }

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/ModbusTcpServer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+using System;
+using System.Net;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Events;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Utils;
+
+namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Implements a Modbus TCP server proxying all requests to a virtual Modbus client.
+	/// </summary>
+	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
+	public class ModbusTcpServer : ModbusTcpProxy
+	{
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="ModbusTcpServer"/> class.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="listenAddress">The <see cref="IPAddress"/> to listen on.</param>
+		public ModbusTcpServer(IPAddress listenAddress)
+			: base(new VirtualModbusClient(), listenAddress)
+		{
+			TypedClient.CoilWritten += (sender, e) => CoilWritten?.Invoke(this, e);
+			TypedClient.RegisterWritten += (sender, e) => RegisterWritten?.Invoke(this, e);
+		}
+
+		#region Events
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Indicates that a <see cref="Coil"/>-value received through a remote client has been written.
+		/// </summary>
+		public event EventHandler<CoilWrittenEventArgs> CoilWritten;
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Indicates that a <see cref="HoldingRegister"/>-value received from a remote client has been written.
+		/// </summary>
+		public event EventHandler<RegisterWrittenEventArgs> RegisterWritten;
+
+		#endregion Events
+
+		#region Properties
+
+		internal VirtualModbusClient TypedClient
+			=> Client as VirtualModbusClient;
+
+		#endregion Properties
+
+		#region Device Handling
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.AddDevice(byte)"/>
+		public bool AddDevice(byte unitId)
+			=> TypedClient.AddDevice(unitId);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.RemoveDevice(byte)"/>
+		public bool RemoveDevice(byte unitId)
+			=> TypedClient.RemoveDevice(unitId);
+
+		#endregion Device Handling
+
+		#region Entity Handling
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.GetCoil(byte, ushort)"/>
+		public Coil GetCoil(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedClient.GetCoil(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.SetCoil(byte, Coil)"/>
+		public void SetCoil(byte unitId, Coil coil)
+			=> TypedClient.SetCoil(unitId, coil);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.GetDiscreteInput(byte, ushort)"/>
+		public DiscreteInput GetDiscreteInput(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedClient.GetDiscreteInput(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.SetDiscreteInput(byte, DiscreteInput)"/>
+		public void SetDiscreteInput(byte unitId, DiscreteInput discreteInput)
+			=> TypedClient.SetDiscreteInput(unitId, discreteInput);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.GetHoldingRegister(byte, ushort)"/>
+		public HoldingRegister GetHoldingRegister(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedClient.GetHoldingRegister(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.SetHoldingRegister(byte, HoldingRegister)"/>
+		public void SetHoldingRegister(byte unitId, HoldingRegister holdingRegister)
+			=> TypedClient.SetHoldingRegister(unitId, holdingRegister);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.GetInputRegister(byte, ushort)"/>
+		public InputRegister GetInputRegister(byte unitId, ushort address)
+			=> TypedClient.GetInputRegister(unitId, address);
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="VirtualModbusClient.SetInputRegister(byte, InputRegister)"/>
+		public void SetInputRegister(byte unitId, InputRegister inputRegister)
+			=> TypedClient.SetInputRegister(unitId, inputRegister);
+
+		#endregion Entity Handling
+	}
+}

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/README.md

@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ float voltage = registers.GetSingle();
 Console.WriteLine($"The voltage of device #{unitId} between L1 and N is: {voltage:N2}V");
 ```
 
-If you want to use the `RTU over TCP` protocol instead, you can do this on initialization:
+If you have a device speaking `RTU` connected over `TCP`, you can use it as followed:
 
 ```csharp
 // [...]
 
 using var client = new ModbusTcpClient(host, port)
 {
-	Protocol = new RtuOverTcpProtocol();
+	Protocol = new RtuProtocol()
 };
 
 // [...]
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ using var client = new ModbusTcpClient(host, port)
 
 ---
 
-Published under MIT License (see [**tl;dr**Legal])
+Published under MIT License (see [choose a license])
 
 
 
 [v1.1b3]:           https://modbus.org/docs/Modbus_Application_Protocol_V1_1b3.pdf
 [v1.0b]:            https://modbus.org/docs/Modbus_Messaging_Implementation_Guide_V1_0b.pdf
-[**tl;dr**Legal]: https://www.tldrlegal.com/license/mit-license
+[choose a license]: https://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/Utils/IPEndPointWrapper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+
+namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.Utils
+{
+	/// <inheritdoc cref="IPEndPoint" />
+	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
+	internal class IPEndPointWrapper(EndPoint endPoint)
+	{
+		private readonly IPEndPoint _ipEndPoint = (IPEndPoint)endPoint;
+
+		#region Properties
+
+		/// <inheritdoc  cref="IPEndPoint.Address"/>
+		public virtual IPAddress Address
+		{
+			get => _ipEndPoint.Address;
+			set => _ipEndPoint.Address = value;
+		}
+
+		/// <inheritdoc  cref="IPEndPoint.Port"/>
+		public virtual int Port
+		{
+			get => _ipEndPoint.Port;
+			set => _ipEndPoint.Port = value;
+		}
+
+		#endregion Properties
+	}
+}

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/Utils/NetworkStreamWrapper.cs

@@ -8,18 +8,9 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.Utils
 {
 	/// <inheritdoc cref="NetworkStream" />
 	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
-	internal class NetworkStreamWrapper : IDisposable
+	internal class NetworkStreamWrapper(NetworkStream stream) : IDisposable
 	{
-		private readonly NetworkStream _stream;
+		private readonly NetworkStream _stream = stream;
-
-		[Obsolete("Constructor only for mocking on UnitTests!", error: true)]
-		public NetworkStreamWrapper()
-		{ }
-
-		public NetworkStreamWrapper(NetworkStream stream)
-		{
-			_stream = stream;
-		}
 
 		/// <inheritdoc cref="NetworkStream.Dispose" />
 		public virtual void Dispose()

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/Utils/SocketWrapper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+using System;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+
+namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.Utils
+{
+	/// <inheritdoc cref="Socket" />
+	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
+	internal class SocketWrapper(Socket socket) : IDisposable
+	{
+		private readonly Socket _socket = socket;
+
+		/// <inheritdoc  cref="Socket.DualMode" />
+		public virtual bool DualMode
+		{
+			get => _socket.DualMode;
+			set => _socket.DualMode = value;
+		}
+
+		/// <inheritdoc  cref="Socket.IsBound" />
+		public virtual bool IsBound
+			=> _socket.IsBound;
+
+		public virtual void Dispose()
+			=> _socket.Dispose();
+	}
+}

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/Utils/TcpClientWrapper.cs

@@ -3,19 +3,30 @@ using System.Net;
 using System.Net.Sockets;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Transactions;
 
 namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.Utils
 {
 	/// <inheritdoc cref="TcpClient" />
 	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
-	internal class TcpClientWrapper(AddressFamily addressFamily) : IDisposable
+	internal class TcpClientWrapper : IDisposable
 	{
 		#region Fields
 
-		private readonly TcpClient _client = new(addressFamily);
+		private readonly TcpClient _client;
 
 		#endregion Fields
 
+		public TcpClientWrapper(AddressFamily addressFamily)
+		{
+			_client = new TcpClient(addressFamily);
+		}
+
+		public TcpClientWrapper(TcpClient client)
+		{
+			_client = client ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(client));
+		}
+
 		#region Properties
 
 		/// <inheritdoc cref="TcpClient.Connected" />

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/Utils/TcpClientWrapperFactory.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ using System.Net.Sockets;
 
 namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.Utils
 {
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Factory for creating <see cref="TcpClientWrapper"/> instances.
+	/// </summary>
 	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
 	internal class TcpClientWrapperFactory
 	{

src/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp/Utils/TcpListenerWrapper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+using System;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.Utils
+{
+	/// <inheritdoc cref="TcpListener" />
+	[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
+	internal class TcpListenerWrapper(IPAddress localaddr, int port) : IDisposable
+	{
+		#region Fields
+
+		private readonly TcpListener _tcpListener = new(localaddr, port);
+
+		#endregion Fields
+
+		#region Constructor
+
+		#endregion Constructor
+
+		#region Properties
+
+		/// <inheritdoc cref="TcpListener.LocalEndpoint"/>
+		public virtual IPEndPointWrapper LocalIPEndPoint
+			=> new(_tcpListener.LocalEndpoint);
+
+		public virtual SocketWrapper Socket
+			=> new(_tcpListener.Server);
+
+		#endregion Properties
+
+		#region Methods
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Accepts a pending connection request as a cancellable asynchronous operation.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <remarks>
+		/// <para>
+		/// This operation will not block. The returned <see cref="Task{TResult}"/> object will complete after the TCP connection has been accepted.
+		/// </para>
+		/// <para>
+		/// Use the <see cref="TcpClientWrapper.GetStream"/> method to obtain the underlying <see cref="NetworkStreamWrapper"/> of the returned <see cref="TcpClientWrapper"/> in the <see cref="Task{TResult}"/>.
+		/// The <see cref="NetworkStreamWrapper"/> will provide you with methods for sending and receiving with the remote host.
+		/// When you are through with the <see cref="TcpClientWrapper"/>, be sure to call its <see cref="TcpClientWrapper.Close"/> method.
+		/// </para>
+		/// </remarks>
+		/// <param name="cancellationToken">A cancellation token that can be used to cancel the asynchronous operation</param>
+		/// <returns>
+		/// The task object representing the asynchronous operation.
+		/// The <see cref="Task{TResult}.Result"/> property on the task object returns a <see cref="TcpClientWrapper"/> used to send and receive data.
+		/// </returns>
+		/// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException">The listener has not been started with a call to <see cref="Start"/>.</exception>
+		/// <exception cref="SocketException">
+		/// Use the <see cref="SocketException.ErrorCode"/> property to obtain the specific error code.
+		/// When you have obtained this code, you can refer to the
+		/// <see href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/winsock/windows-sockets-error-codes-2">Windows Sockets version 2 API error code</see>
+		/// documentation for a detailed description of the error.
+		/// </exception>
+		/// <exception cref="OperationCanceledException">The cancellation token was canceled. This exception is stored into the returned task.</exception>
+		public virtual async Task<TcpClientWrapper> AcceptTcpClientAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+		{
+#if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
+			var tcpClient = await _tcpListener.AcceptTcpClientAsync(cancellationToken);
+#else
+			var tcpClient = await _tcpListener.AcceptTcpClientAsync();
+#endif
+			return new TcpClientWrapper(tcpClient);
+		}
+
+		public virtual void Start()
+			=> _tcpListener.Start();
+
+		public virtual void Stop()
+			=> _tcpListener.Stop();
+
+		public virtual void Dispose()
+		{
+#if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
+			_tcpListener.Dispose();
+#endif
+		}
+
+		#endregion Methods
+	}
+}

src/Directory.Build.props

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<Project>
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFrameworks>netstandard2.0;net6.0;net8.0</TargetFrameworks>
+    <NrtContinuousIntegrationBuild>$(ContinuousIntegrationBuild)</NrtContinuousIntegrationBuild>
+
+    <AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>true</AppendTargetFrameworkToOutputPath>
+    <CopyRefAssembliesToPublishDirectory>false</CopyRefAssembliesToPublishDirectory>
+    <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
+
+    <RepositoryType>git</RepositoryType>
+    <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/AM-WD/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.git</RepositoryUrl>
+    <PublishRepositoryUrl>true</PublishRepositoryUrl>
+
+    <GeneratePackageOnBuild>true</GeneratePackageOnBuild>
+    <IncludeSymbols>true</IncludeSymbols>
+    <SymbolPackageFormat>snupkg</SymbolPackageFormat>
+
+    <PackageIcon>package-icon.png</PackageIcon>
+    <PackageReadmeFile>README.md</PackageReadmeFile>
+    <PackageLicenseFile>LICENSE.txt</PackageLicenseFile>
+    <PackageProjectUrl>https://modbus.org/tech.php</PackageProjectUrl>
+
+    <AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>../../AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.snk</AssemblyOriginatorKeyFile>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(CI)' == 'true'">
+    <ContinuousIntegrationBuild>true</ContinuousIntegrationBuild>
+    <EmbedUntrackedSources>true</EmbedUntrackedSources>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup Condition="'$(CI)' == 'true'">
+    <SourceLinkGiteaHost Include="$(CI_SERVER_HOST)" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.SourceLink.Gitea" Version="8.0.0">
+      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
+      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
+    </PackageReference>
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="../../package-icon.png" Pack="true" PackagePath="/" />
+    <None Include="../../LICENSE.txt" Pack="true" PackagePath="/" />
+    <None Include="README.md" Pack="true" PackagePath="/" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <InternalsVisibleTo Include="AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests" PublicKey="$(PublicKey)" />
+    <InternalsVisibleTo Include="DynamicProxyGenAssembly2" PublicKey="$(MoqPublicKey)" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <Import Project="$([MSBuild]::GetPathOfFileAbove('Directory.Build.props', '$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)\..'))" />
+</Project>

test/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup />
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Serial.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp\AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tcp.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

test/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests/Common/Contracts/ModbusClientBaseTest.cs

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
-using System.Text;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Moq;
+using AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Common.Contracts;
 
 namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 {
 	[TestClass]
 	public class ModbusClientBaseTest
 	{
+		public TestContext TestContext { get; set; }
+
 		// Consts
 		private const byte UNIT_ID = 42;
 		private const ushort START_ADDRESS = 123;
@@ -105,19 +106,16 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowExceptionOnNullConnection()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			IModbusConnection connection = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			new ModbusClientBaseWrapper(connection);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => new ModbusClientBaseWrapper(connection));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
 		}
 
-		[DataTestMethod]
+		[TestMethod]
 		[DataRow(true)]
 		[DataRow(false)]
 		public void ShouldAlsoDisposeConnection(bool disposeConnection)
@@ -155,31 +153,25 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ObjectDisposedException))]
 		public async Task ShouldAssertDisposed()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			var client = GetClient();
 			client.Dispose();
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			await client.ReadCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT);
+			await Assert.ThrowsExactlyAsync<ObjectDisposedException>(() => client.ReadCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT, TestContext.CancellationToken));
-
-			// Assert - ObjectDisposedException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public async Task ShouldAssertProtocolSet()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			var client = GetClient();
 			client.Protocol = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			await client.ReadCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT);
+			await Assert.ThrowsExactlyAsync<ArgumentNullException>(() => client.ReadCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT, TestContext.CancellationToken));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
 		}
 
 		#endregion Common/Connection/Assertions
@@ -194,11 +186,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			var result = await client.ReadCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT);
+			var result = await client.ReadCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(result);
-			Assert.AreEqual(READ_COUNT, result.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(READ_COUNT, result);
 
 			for (int i = 0; i < READ_COUNT; i++)
 			{
@@ -223,11 +215,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			var result = await client.ReadDiscreteInputsAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT);
+			var result = await client.ReadDiscreteInputsAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(result);
-			Assert.AreEqual(READ_COUNT, result.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(READ_COUNT, result);
 
 			for (int i = 0; i < READ_COUNT; i++)
 			{
@@ -251,11 +243,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			var result = await client.ReadHoldingRegistersAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT);
+			var result = await client.ReadHoldingRegistersAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(result);
-			Assert.AreEqual(READ_COUNT, result.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(READ_COUNT, result);
 
 			for (int i = 0; i < READ_COUNT; i++)
 			{
@@ -279,11 +271,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			var result = await client.ReadInputRegistersAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT);
+			var result = await client.ReadInputRegistersAsync(UNIT_ID, START_ADDRESS, READ_COUNT, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(result);
-			Assert.AreEqual(READ_COUNT, result.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(READ_COUNT, result);
 
 			for (int i = 0; i < READ_COUNT; i++)
 			{
@@ -307,7 +299,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			var result = await client.ReadDeviceIdentificationAsync(UNIT_ID, ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Basic, ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.VendorName);
+			var result = await client.ReadDeviceIdentificationAsync(UNIT_ID, ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Basic, ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.VendorName, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(result);
@@ -320,7 +312,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			Assert.AreEqual("UnitTests", result.ModelName);
 			Assert.AreEqual("Modbus Client Base Unit Test", result.UserApplicationName);
 
-			Assert.AreEqual(0, result.ExtendedObjects.Count);
+			Assert.IsEmpty(result.ExtendedObjects);
 
 			_connection.Verify(c => c.InvokeAsync(It.IsAny<IReadOnlyList<byte>>(), It.IsAny<Func<IReadOnlyList<byte>, bool>>(), It.IsAny<CancellationToken>()), Times.Once);
 			_connection.VerifyNoOtherCalls();
@@ -350,7 +342,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			var result = await client.ReadDeviceIdentificationAsync(UNIT_ID, ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Extended, ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.VendorName);
+			var result = await client.ReadDeviceIdentificationAsync(UNIT_ID, ModbusDeviceIdentificationCategory.Extended, ModbusDeviceIdentificationObject.VendorName, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(result);
@@ -363,7 +355,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			Assert.AreEqual("UnitTests", result.ModelName);
 			Assert.AreEqual("Modbus Client Base Unit Test", result.UserApplicationName);
 
-			Assert.AreEqual(1, result.ExtendedObjects.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(1, result.ExtendedObjects);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x07, result.ExtendedObjects.First().Key);
 			CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03 }, result.ExtendedObjects.First().Value);
 
@@ -393,7 +385,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteSingleCoilAsync(UNIT_ID, coil);
+			bool result = await client.WriteSingleCoilAsync(UNIT_ID, coil, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsTrue(result);
@@ -419,7 +411,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteSingleCoilAsync(UNIT_ID, coil);
+			bool result = await client.WriteSingleCoilAsync(UNIT_ID, coil, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsFalse(result);
@@ -445,7 +437,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteSingleCoilAsync(UNIT_ID, coil);
+			bool result = await client.WriteSingleCoilAsync(UNIT_ID, coil, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsFalse(result);
@@ -471,7 +463,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteSingleHoldingRegisterAsync(UNIT_ID, register);
+			bool result = await client.WriteSingleHoldingRegisterAsync(UNIT_ID, register, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsTrue(result);
@@ -497,7 +489,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteSingleHoldingRegisterAsync(UNIT_ID, register);
+			bool result = await client.WriteSingleHoldingRegisterAsync(UNIT_ID, register, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsFalse(result);
@@ -523,7 +515,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteSingleHoldingRegisterAsync(UNIT_ID, register);
+			bool result = await client.WriteSingleHoldingRegisterAsync(UNIT_ID, register, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsFalse(result);
@@ -553,7 +545,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, coils);
+			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, coils, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsTrue(result);
@@ -584,7 +576,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, coils);
+			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, coils, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsFalse(result);
@@ -615,7 +607,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, coils);
+			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleCoilsAsync(UNIT_ID, coils, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsFalse(result);
@@ -645,7 +637,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleHoldingRegistersAsync(UNIT_ID, registers);
+			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleHoldingRegistersAsync(UNIT_ID, registers, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsTrue(result);
@@ -676,7 +668,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleHoldingRegistersAsync(UNIT_ID, registers);
+			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleHoldingRegistersAsync(UNIT_ID, registers, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsFalse(result);
@@ -707,7 +699,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Contracts
 			var client = GetClient();
 
 			// Act
-			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleHoldingRegistersAsync(UNIT_ID, registers);
+			bool result = await client.WriteMultipleHoldingRegistersAsync(UNIT_ID, registers, TestContext.CancellationToken);
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsFalse(result);

test/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests/Common/Extensions/ModbusDecimalExtensionsTest.cs

@@ -41,20 +41,16 @@
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullOnGetSingle()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			HoldingRegister[] registers = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetSingle(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => registers.GetSingle(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetSingleForLength()
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -63,16 +59,13 @@
 				new() { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetSingle(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetSingle(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
-		[DataTestMethod]
+		[TestMethod]
 		[DataRow(1)]
 		[DataRow(-1)]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeOnGetSingle(int startIndex)
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -82,14 +75,11 @@
 				new() { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetSingle(startIndex);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => registers.GetSingle(startIndex));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentOutOfRangeException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetSingleForType()
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -99,10 +89,8 @@
 				new InputRegister { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetSingle(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetSingle(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
@@ -145,20 +133,16 @@
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullOnGetDouble()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			HoldingRegister[] registers = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetDouble(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => registers.GetDouble(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetDoubleForLength()
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -169,16 +153,13 @@
 				new() { Address = 102, HighByte = 0x7A, LowByte = 0xE1 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetDouble(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetDouble(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
-		[DataTestMethod]
+		[TestMethod]
 		[DataRow(1)]
 		[DataRow(-1)]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeOnGetDouble(int startIndex)
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -190,14 +171,11 @@
 				new() { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x47, LowByte = 0xAE }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetDouble(startIndex);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => registers.GetDouble(startIndex));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentOutOfRangeException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetDoubleForType()
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -209,10 +187,8 @@
 				new InputRegister { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x47, LowByte = 0xAE }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetDouble(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetDouble(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
 		#endregion Modbus to value
@@ -230,7 +206,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(2, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(2, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(5, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x41, registers[0].HighByte);
@@ -252,7 +228,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(2, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(2, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(6, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x41, registers[0].HighByte);
@@ -274,7 +250,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(4, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(4, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(5, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x40, registers[0].HighByte);
@@ -304,7 +280,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(4, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(4, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(8, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x40, registers[0].HighByte);

test/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests/Common/Extensions/ModbusExtensionsTest.cs

@@ -30,16 +30,13 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Extensions
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullOnGetBoolean()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			Coil coil = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			coil.GetBoolean();
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => coil.GetBoolean());
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
@@ -95,35 +92,28 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Extensions
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullOnString()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			HoldingRegister[] list = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			list.GetString(2);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => list.GetString(2));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnStringForEmptyList()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			var registers = Array.Empty<HoldingRegister>();
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetString(2);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetString(2));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
-		[DataTestMethod]
+		[TestMethod]
 		[DataRow(1)]
 		[DataRow(-1)]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeOnString(int startIndex)
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -133,14 +123,11 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Extensions
 				new() { Address = 2, HighByte = 67, LowByte = 0 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetString(2, startIndex);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => registers.GetString(2, startIndex));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentOutOfRangeException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnStringForMixedTypes()
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -150,10 +137,8 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Extensions
 				new InputRegister { Address = 2, HighByte = 67, LowByte = 0 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetString(2);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetString(2));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
 		#endregion Modbus to value
@@ -187,7 +172,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Extensions
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(register);
 			Assert.AreEqual(321, register.Address);
-			Assert.IsTrue(register.Value > 0);
+			Assert.IsGreaterThan(0, register.Value);
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
@@ -202,7 +187,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Extensions
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(register);
 			Assert.AreEqual(321, register.Address);
-			Assert.IsTrue(register.Value == 0);
+			Assert.AreEqual(0, register.Value);
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
@@ -216,7 +201,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Extensions
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(2, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(2, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(100, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(97, registers[0].HighByte);
@@ -238,7 +223,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Extensions
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(2, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(2, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(101, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(97, registers[0].HighByte);
@@ -260,7 +245,7 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Extensions
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(2, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(2, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(100, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(97, registers[0].LowByte);
@@ -272,16 +257,13 @@ namespace AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests.Common.Extensions
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullOnGetString()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			string str = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			_ = str.ToRegisters(100).ToArray();
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => str.ToRegisters(100).ToArray());
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
 		}
 
 		#endregion Value to Modbus

test/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests/Common/Extensions/ModbusSignedExtensionsTest.cs

@@ -32,31 +32,23 @@
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullForGetSByte()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			HoldingRegister register = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			register.GetSByte();
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => register.GetSByte());
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentForGetSByte()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			var obj = new Coil();
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			obj.GetSByte();
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => obj.GetSByte());
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
@@ -86,31 +78,23 @@
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullForGetInt16()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			HoldingRegister register = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			register.GetInt16();
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => register.GetInt16());
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentForGetInt16()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			var obj = new Coil();
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			obj.GetInt16();
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => obj.GetInt16());
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
@@ -119,9 +103,9 @@
 			// Arrange
 			var registers = new HoldingRegister[]
 			{
-				new HoldingRegister(),
+				new(),
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
+				new() { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
+				new() { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
 			// Act
@@ -137,8 +121,8 @@
 			// Arrange
 			var registers = new HoldingRegister[]
 			{
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
+				new() { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
+				new() { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
 			// Act
@@ -149,58 +133,45 @@
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullOnGetInt32()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			HoldingRegister[] registers = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetInt32(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => registers.GetInt32(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetInt32ForLength()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			var registers = new HoldingRegister[]
 			{
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 }
+				new() { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetInt32(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetInt32(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
-		[DataTestMethod]
+		[TestMethod]
 		[DataRow(1)]
 		[DataRow(-1)]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeOnGetInt32(int startIndex)
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			var registers = new HoldingRegister[]
 			{
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
+				new() { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
+				new() { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetInt32(startIndex);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => registers.GetInt32(startIndex));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentOutOfRangeException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetInt32ForType()
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -210,11 +181,8 @@
 				new InputRegister { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetInt32(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetInt32(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
@@ -223,11 +191,11 @@
 			// Arrange
 			var registers = new HoldingRegister[]
 			{
-				new HoldingRegister(),
+				new(),
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
+				new() { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
+				new() { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 102, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
+				new() { Address = 102, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
+				new() { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
 			// Act
@@ -243,10 +211,10 @@
 			// Arrange
 			var registers = new HoldingRegister[]
 			{
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
+				new() { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 102, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
+				new() { Address = 102, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
+				new() { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
+				new() { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
 			// Act
@@ -257,62 +225,49 @@
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullOnGetInt64()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			HoldingRegister[] registers = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetInt64(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => registers.GetInt64(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetInt64ForLength()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			var registers = new HoldingRegister[]
 			{
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
+				new() { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 102, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
+				new() { Address = 102, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
+				new() { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetInt64(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetInt64(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
-		[DataTestMethod]
+		[TestMethod]
 		[DataRow(1)]
 		[DataRow(-1)]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeOnGetInt64(int startIndex)
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			var registers = new HoldingRegister[]
 			{
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
+				new() { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
+				new() { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x00, LowByte = 0x00 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 102, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
+				new() { Address = 102, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 },
-				new HoldingRegister { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
+				new() { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetInt64(startIndex);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => registers.GetInt64(startIndex));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentOutOfRangeException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetInt64ForType()
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -324,11 +279,8 @@
 				new InputRegister { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetInt64(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetInt64(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		#endregion Modbus to value
@@ -378,7 +330,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(2, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(2, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(5, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x00, registers[0].HighByte);
@@ -400,7 +352,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(2, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(2, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(6, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x00, registers[0].HighByte);
@@ -422,7 +374,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(4, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(4, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(10, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x00, registers[0].HighByte);
@@ -452,7 +404,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(4, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(4, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(13, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x00, registers[0].HighByte);

test/AMWD.Protocols.Modbus.Tests/Common/Extensions/ModbusUnsignedExtensionsTest.cs

@@ -32,29 +32,23 @@
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullForGetByte()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			HoldingRegister register = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			register.GetByte();
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => register.GetByte());
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentForGetByte()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			var obj = new Coil();
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			obj.GetByte();
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => obj.GetByte());
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
@@ -84,29 +78,23 @@
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullForGetUInt16()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			HoldingRegister register = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			register.GetUInt16();
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => register.GetUInt16());
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentForGetUInt16()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			var obj = new Coil();
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			obj.GetUInt16();
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => obj.GetUInt16());
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
@@ -145,21 +133,16 @@
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullOnGetUInt32()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			HoldingRegister[] registers = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetUInt32(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => registers.GetUInt32(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetUInt32ForLength()
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -168,16 +151,13 @@
 				new() { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x01, LowByte = 0x02 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetUInt32(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetUInt32(1));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
-		[DataTestMethod]
+		[TestMethod]
 		[DataRow(1)]
 		[DataRow(-1)]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeOnGetUInt32(int startIndex)
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -187,14 +167,11 @@
 				new() { Address = 100, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetUInt32(startIndex);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => registers.GetUInt32(startIndex));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentOutOfRangeException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetUInt32ForType()
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -204,10 +181,8 @@
 				new InputRegister { Address = 101, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetUInt32(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetUInt32(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
@@ -250,21 +225,16 @@
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowNullOnGetUInt64()
 		{
 			// Arrange
 			HoldingRegister[] registers = null;
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetUInt64(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentNullException>(() => registers.GetUInt64(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentNullException
-			Assert.Fail();
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetUInt64ForLength()
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -275,16 +245,13 @@
 				new() { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetUInt64(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetUInt64(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
-		[DataTestMethod]
+		[TestMethod]
 		[DataRow(1)]
 		[DataRow(-1)]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeOnGetUInt64(int startIndex)
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -296,14 +263,11 @@
 				new() { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetUInt64(startIndex);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => registers.GetUInt64(startIndex));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentOutOfRangeException
 		}
 
 		[TestMethod]
-		[ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
 		public void ShouldThrowArgumentOnGetUInt64ForType()
 		{
 			// Arrange
@@ -315,10 +279,8 @@
 				new InputRegister { Address = 103, HighByte = 0x03, LowByte = 0x04 }
 			};
 
-			// Act
+			// Act + Assert
-			registers.GetUInt64(0);
+			Assert.ThrowsExactly<ArgumentException>(() => registers.GetUInt64(0));
-
-			// Assert - ArgumentException
 		}
 
 		#endregion Modbus to value
@@ -368,7 +330,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(2, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(2, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(5, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x00, registers[0].HighByte);
@@ -390,7 +352,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(2, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(2, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(6, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x00, registers[0].HighByte);
@@ -412,7 +374,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(4, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(4, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(10, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x00, registers[0].HighByte);
@@ -442,7 +404,7 @@
 
 			// Assert
 			Assert.IsNotNull(registers);
-			Assert.AreEqual(4, registers.Count);
+			Assert.HasCount(4, registers);
 
 			Assert.AreEqual(13, registers[0].Address);
 			Assert.AreEqual(0x00, registers[0].HighByte);